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Abdomen > ABD > Flashcards

ABD Flashcards

1
Q

What is peritonuem?

A

Closed sac containing major internal organs

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2
Q

What is GLOSSS?

A

Intraperitoneal organs
G: GB
L: Liver
O: Ovaries
S: Stomach
S: Spl
S: Some bowel

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3
Q

What is the lesser sac called and where is it?

A

Omental bursa, between panc and stomach

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4
Q

Where does ascites collect in?

A

Intraperitoneal space

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5
Q

What is exudate fluid?

A

malignant fluid

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6
Q

What is transudate fluid?

A

benign fluid

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7
Q

What organs sit in the pararenal space?

A

Panc, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, lymph

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8
Q

What organs sit in the perirenal space?

A

kidney, adrenal glands, ureter

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9
Q

What sits in the pararenal space?

A

fat

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10
Q

What sits in the great vessel compartment?

A

IVC, AO, lymph nodes

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11
Q

What is papillary process?

A

Inf extension of the caudate lobe

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12
Q

What liver enzyme is elevated w/ diffuse liver disease?

A

ALT (alanine transaminase)
ALP (alanine phosphatase)
AST (Aspartate transaminase)

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13
Q

If only liver is abnormal, this indicates?

A

A different type of disease; tumor or obstruction

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14
Q

When bilirubin is elevated (hyperbilirubinemia) this means?

A

Jaundice

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15
Q

What does unconjugated mean?

A

AKA: Indirect
Pre-Liver .. HAVENT reached the liver yet!! Not yet gone thru the liver (has nothing to do with liver disease)

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16
Q

What does conjugated mean?

A

AKA: Direct
Acute liver disease/hepatitis/ biliary obstruction
Already hit the liver -> becomes conjugated

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17
Q

How to remember unconjugated and conjugated?

A

Indirect - Unconjugated (VOWELS)
Direct - Conjugated (CONSTANTS)

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18
Q

What is the most common diffused liver disease?

A

Hepatic steatosis (Fatty Liver)

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis?

A

Alcohol

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20
Q

What is the sequela of cirrhosis?

A

Portal HTN, MPV thrombosis, HCC

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of portal HTN?

A

cirrhosis

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22
Q

What is caput madusa?

A

Superficial abd veins

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23
Q

Obstruction of portal veins is mostly caused by?

A

Tumors or lymphadenopathy

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24
Q

Cavernous transformation aka?

A

periportal collaterals : small vessels surrounding pv rerouting the blood around the clot towards the liver

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25
Q

What is portosystemic collaterals?

A

These collaterals reroute the blood AWAY from the liver…. vs cavernous is routing the blood back INTO the liver

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26
Q

Caudate drains where?

A

directly into ivc

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27
Q

What portion of the liver receives RT and LT portal branches?

A

Caudate - Also it drains into the IVC via emissary veins

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28
Q

What is another name for glisson’s capsule?

A

visceral** peritoneum

parietal peritoneum is lining of abd cavity

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29
Q

Which vessels INTER-segmental within liver?

A

Hepatic Veins, courses between segments of liver

30
Q

Which vessels INTRA-segmental within liver?

A

PV, HA, Bile ducts

31
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum

A

Remnant of the ductus venosus

32
Q

Glycogen storage disease results in large quants of glycogen being deposit in the hepatocytes of the liver. What liver mass is associate with glycogen storage disease?

A

Hepatic adenomas- linked with oral contraceptive agents. Often difficult to distinguished hepatic adenomas from FNH

33
Q

Most common benign liver tumor

A

Cavernous hemangiomas - may enlarged during pregnancy or estrogen therapy

34
Q

Most common benign liver mass?

A

FNH focal nodular hyperplasia

35
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor of the liver?

A

HCC

36
Q
A
37
Q

Obstruction of pv is most commonly caused by

A

Tumors or lymphadenopathy

38
Q

Cavernous transformation is also known as

A

Periportal collateral. Small vessel surround the PV to reroute the blood around the clot and into the liver

39
Q

Most common hepatitis

A

A and b

40
Q

Which hepatitis is the likely cause for needing liver transplant

A

Hep c

41
Q

What is the most common acute hepatitis?

A

Acute… think of hep A!!
Fecal oral route

42
Q

Most common chronic hepatitis?

A

Hep c… think of c-chronic
Bodily fluid

43
Q

Echinococcal parasite (hydatid)

A

Water lily sign, daughter cyst, membranes

44
Q

Amebic - parasite from water

A

GI first = diarrhea

45
Q

Pyogenic=pus/bacteria

A

From infection or history of itis, bx, or surgery

46
Q

Candida albicans/fungal

A

Immunocompromised pt cancer, transplant, hiv

Target or halo multiples

47
Q

Most common benign liver tumor

A

Cavernous hemangioma

48
Q

What’s associated with hepatocelluar adenoma?

A

Oral contraceptives (fnh)

49
Q

What is the 2nd most common benign liver tumor

A

FNH (stealth lesion) . Central scar w vascularity
.

50
Q

Hcc is aka

A

Hepatoma

51
Q

What is most common primary liver ca

A

Hcc

52
Q

Most common cancer found in liver

A

Mets

53
Q

Most common vascular complication w liver transplant

A

HA thrombosis

54
Q

What is ascariasis

A

Parasite in bile duct

55
Q

Most common cuased by obstructed stone

A

Acute cholanitis

56
Q

Sclerosis of bile ducts increases risk of

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

57
Q

Most common cancer of biliary tract

A

Gb carcinoma

58
Q

Pruritus

A

Itchiness

59
Q

Alt

A

Alaine tranminase

60
Q

Alp

A

Alkaline phosphates

61
Q

Ast

A

Aspartame transaminase

62
Q

Most common type of cystic dilation of cbd

A

Choledochal cyst. Must be corrected. Seen in children . Not compatible with life

63
Q

Central dot sign

A

Caroli disease . Segmental dilation of inteahepatic ducts

64
Q

Most common variant of pancreas

A

Division: shorten main pancreas duct.
Forces accessory duct to become primary drainage. Increase risk dilated duct and pancreaitis.

65
Q

What is annular pancreas variant

A

Pancreas head wrap around duo may lead to bowel obstruction

66
Q

Panc Cystadenoma / cystadenocarcinoma is found most commonly where

A

Body and tail. Not usually related to biliary obstruction

67
Q

Most common islet cell tumor

A

Insulinoma: more common symptoms of low blood sugar. (Insulin is to reduce or decrease blood sugar)

68
Q

What is gastrinoma

A

May produce zollinger Ellison syndrome=too much stomach acid leading to stomach ulcer

69
Q

2 types of islet cell tumor

A

Insulinoma and gastrinoma

70
Q

Most common type of pancreatic transplant

A

Exorcize ENTERIC drainage. Donor duodenum to recipient jejunum RUQ

Abdomen (1 decks)

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