ABCDEs of Diabetes

Question 1

A

Answer 1

A1C Targets
A1C ≤7%
If on insulin or insulin secretagogue, assess for hypoglycemia and ensure driving safety

Question 2

B

Answer 2

Blood Pressure
BP <130/80 mmHg
If on treatment, assess for risk of falls

Question 3

C

Answer 3

Cholesterol

LDL-C <2.0 mmol/L

Question 4

D

Answer 4

Drugs:

ACEi/ARB (if CVD, age ≥55 with risk factors, OR diabetes complications)

Statin (if CVD, age ≥40 for Type 2, OR diabetes complications)

ASA (if CVD)

SLGT2i/GLP1ra with demonstrated CV benefit (if have type 2 DM with CVD and A1C not at target)

Question 5

E

Answer 5

Exercise and Diet

150 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity/ week and resistance exercises 2-3 times/week

Follow healthy dietary pattern (i.e. Mediterranean diet, low glycemic index)

Question 6

S

Answer 6

Screening

Cardiac: ECG every 3-5 years if age >40 OR diabetes complications

Foot: Monofilament/Vibration yearly or more if abnormal

Kidney: Test eGFR and ACR yearly, or more if abnormal

Retinopathy: yearly dilated retinal exam