ABCDE + ALS Flashcards
How should an airway be managed?
head tilt chin lift jaw thrust oropharyngeal nasopharyngeal laryngeal mask
In an acute scenario what amount of O2 should be given with what mask?
15L O2 with non-rebreather mask
if apnoeic, bag-valve mask
How should O2 delivery be immediately monitored?
chest movements
improvement in colour
oxygen saturations
How should be breathing be assessed?
inspect movement of chest wall and listen for noise of breathing
calculate resp rate
auscultate chest for bilateral air entry and added soudns
How should circulation be assessed?
palpate pulse
calculate HR
cap refill
check BP
Give venflon colours from smallest to largest
blue
pink
green
grey
How should circulation be monitored?
BP and ECG
What are the important components of disability to assess?
AVPU
pupil response
blood sugar
What does a) 1 small pupil, both reactive b) bilateral pinpoint pupils, both reactive c) unreactive, dilated pupils d) 1 large pupil, both reactive indicate?
a) horner’s syndrome
b) opiod overdoes
c) atropine or brain stem death
d) raised ICP/ 3rd nerve palsy
Which fluid should be given to a hypoglycaemic person?
150 ml of 10% glucose or 75ml of 20% glucose
to aim for 15-20g
What are the signs of airway obstruction
snoring (inspiratory) stridor (expiratory) added noises eg wheeze gurgling suggests secretions/blood hoarseness paradoxical movement in complete obstruction
accessory muscle use
intercostal/ subcostal recession
tracheal tug
What does hoarseness suggest?
oedema of the larynx and cords and suggests impending airway obstruction particularly in the burns patient.
What does paradoxical movement look like?
chest moves in and abdo moves out
What muscles are normally used in quiet breathing?
diaphragm
external intercostals
What are the accessory muscles?
neck
pectorals
serratus anterior
latismus dorsi
What would an AVPU response to pain suggest?
GCS of 8
patient going to be unable to protect own airway
What cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?
VF
pulseless VT
What cardiac arrest rhythms are non-shockable?
pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
asystole
When should adrenaline be given in cardiac arrest?
every 3-5 mins
When should amiodarone be given in cardiac arrest?
after 3 shocks
What are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?
4 Hs and 4Ts
- hypoxia
- hypovolaemia
- hypo/hyperkalaemia (other electrolyte and metabolic)
- hypothermia
- thrombosis
- tension pneumothorax
- cardiac tamponade
- toxins
Which exam should be done in C to ensure no internal haemorrhage?
abdo
