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Acute cardiac life support > ABCD of Emergency Cardiovascular Care (Chapter 1) > Flashcards

ABCD of Emergency Cardiovascular Care (Chapter 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Nonmodifiable (fixed) risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

Age, gender, heredity, race

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2
Q

Modifiable risk factors for CVD

A

Diabetes, elevated serum cholesterol levels, high BP, metabolic syndrome, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use

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3
Q

Contributing risk factors for CVD

A

Alcohol, inflammatory markers, psychosocial factors, stress

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4
Q

What does contributing risk factors mean?

A

Thought to increase risk, but exact role not yet known

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5
Q

Sudden loss of effective blood flow that is caused by cardiac and/or peripheral vascular factors

A

Cardiovascular collapse

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6
Q

Absence of cardiac mechanical activity

A

Cardiopulmonary (cardiac) arrest

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7
Q

How do you confirm cardiac arrest

A

Absence of pulse, unresponsiveness, apnea or agonal, gasping breathing

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8
Q

ECG shows a wide, regular QRS complex at a rate faster than 120 beats/min

A

Pulseless vtach

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9
Q

Irregular chaotic deflections that vary in shape and height on ECG but no coordinated ventricular contraction

A

Vfib

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10
Q

No cardiac electrical activity present

A

Asystole

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11
Q

Electrical activity is present on ECG, but central pulses are absent

A

Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

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12
Q

Shockable rhythms

A

Vfib and Vtach

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13
Q

Nonshockable rhythms

A

Asystole, PEA

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14
Q

Links in the chain of survival

A 
Early recognition and activation
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Effective advanced life support
Integration of post-cardiac arrest care
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15
Q

Most common S&S of MI

A

Chest pain or discomfort, pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder, SOB

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16
Q

Components of basic life support

A

Recognize signs of cardiac arrest, MI, stroke, foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO)
Relief of FBAO
CPR
Defibrillating with an AED

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17
Q

Two components of the driving pressure through coronary arteries

A

Aortic BP and RA pressure; remember, veins drain into the RA so if the pressure is high in the RA, blood flow through the coronary arteries will decrease

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18
Q

Determinants of vascular resistance in the coronary vessels

A

BV radius and degree of external pressure caused by myocardial contraction and relaxation

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19
Q

When does most coronary blood flow occur

A

Diastole

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20
Q

Blood pressure range maintained by autoregulation of coronary vessels under normal conditions

A

60-180 mm Hg

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21
Q

Systole and diastole correspond to what during CPR

A

Systole when you are compressing the chest and diastole is when you release

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22
Q

2 most crucial components to neurologically normal survival during cardiac arrest.

A

Maintenance of coronary and cerebral perfusion

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23
Q

Limiting factor in delivery of O2 to tissues in cardiac arrest

A

Blood flow; arterial oxygen content is normally adequate to perfuse tissues

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24
Q

After you determine that CPR is indicated, what should be the initial action performed?

A

Chest compressions (yes, even before opening airway or giving ventilations)

This enables the delivery of O2 that is already present in lungs to brain and heart

25
Q

CO compared to normal during CPR

A

25-33%

26
Q

How far should you push in a victims chest during CPR

A

2 inches in children and adults, 1.5 inches in infants

27
Q

What is the appropriate compression rate for CPR

A

100 compression/min

28
Q

Likelihood of successful resuscitation during cardiac arrest determined by what

A

Speed with which CPR and defib are performed

29
Q

Did placing an AED in homes improve overall survival?

A

Not really

30
Q

How long should you check for a pulse?

A

10 seconds

31
Q

Where should you check for a pulse in an infant

A

Brachial a.

32
Q

Where should you check for a pulse in a child

A

Carotid or femoral aa.

33
Q

Where should you check for a pulse in an adult

A

Carotids

34
Q

Compression:ventilation ratio for infants and children if one rescuer

A

30:2

35
Q

Compression:ventilation ratio for infants and children if 2 rescuers

A

15:2

36
Q

Compression:ventilation ratio for adults

A

30:2

37
Q

What to do if an infant is choking

A

5 back blows (slaps) followed by 5 chest thrusts in rapid sequence

38
Q

3 phases of cardiac arrest due to vfib

A 
Phase 1 (electrical phase): Onset-5 minutes
Phase 2 (circulatory phase or hemodynamic phase):5-15 minutes
Phase 3 (metabolic phase): 5 minutes and beyod
39
Q

During which phase of cardiac arrest due to vfib is defibrillation most important

A

Phase 1 (electrical phase)

40
Q

High quality CPR compressions are most important during which phase of cardiac arrest due to vfib

A

Phase 2 (circulatory phase)

41
Q

When are low-quality CPR compressions most important?

A

When you want the patient to die

42
Q

What can you do to improve perfusion pressures during vfib cardiac arrest

A

Give vasopressors

43
Q

What can excessive ventilation in vfib cardiac arrest do?

A

Increase the intrathoracic pressure and decrease venous return to the heart

44
Q

What should you do to comatose survivors of cardiac arrest?

A

Cryogenic stasis (therapeutic hypothermia)

45
Q

Therapeutic hypothermia important during which phase?

A

Metabolic (Phase 3)

46
Q

Cardiocerebral resuscitation (CCR) consists of what

A

High quality, minimally interrupted chest compressions, delayed active ventilation, early epinephrine administration

47
Q

Ratio of chest compressions to shock in CCR

A

200:1

48
Q

When do you intubate the pt in CCR

A

After 3 cycles of chest compressions

49
Q

What is the best CCR song

A

Fortunate Son

50
Q

ABC’s of general impression

A

Appearance, Breathing, Circulation

51
Q

Rapid hands-on assessment that takes less than 60 seconds

A

Primary survey

52
Q

ABCDE’s of primary survey

A 
Assess responsiveness
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Defib and Disability
Exposure
53
Q

AVPU; what does it stand for and what does it assess

A

Alert, Verbal stimuli (responds to), Painful stimuli (responds to), Unresponsive

54
Q

During what part of the primary survey would you obtain a Glasgow score

A

Defib and disability

55
Q

Use what technique to open the airway

A

Head tilt-chin lift

56
Q

Use what technique to open the airway if trauma is suspected

A

Jaw-thrust

57
Q

When should you repeat the primary survey

A 
Sudden change in pt condition
Interventions don't appear to be working
Vital signs are unstable
Before any procedures
Change in rhythm on cardiac monitor
58
Q

ABCDEF’s of 2ndary survey

A 
Obtain vital signs, SAMPLE history 
Reassess Airway
Reassess Breathing
Reassess Circulation
Differential diagnosis/Diagnostic procedures
Evaluate interventions, pain management
Facilitate family presence

Acute cardiac life support (5 decks)

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