abby Flashcards
study
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
ecosystem
the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
erosion
a tributary stream of a river close to or forming part of its source.
headwaters
the action or system of rotating crops.
crop rotation
(with reference to a soluble chemical or mineral) drain away from soil, ash, or similar material by the action of percolating liquid, especially rainwater.
leaching
water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.
synonyms: moisture, water droplets, steam
“the windows were misty with condensation
condensation
hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth’s crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.
magma
a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
glacier
any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river
tributary
destruction or loss of forest
deforestation
growth in the population of people living in towns and cities
urbanization
areas of the ocean floor where rocks gradually sink because they have no supporting heat below them; the world’s flattest and smoothest regions.
abyssal plains
an elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least on side
plateau
broken down plant and animal matter in soil
humus
replanting of a forest
Reforestation
the process by which rock breaks down and decay over time
Weathering
small particles of weathered rock
Sediment
process of removing salt form ocean water
Desalinization
plowing fields across a hill, rather up and down the hill
Contour Plowing
rock layers where groundwater is plentiful
Aquifers
a regional variety in language
Dialect
a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.
boundary
the belief in many gods
Polytheism
the number of live births each year for every 1,000 people living in a place
Birthrate
in trade matters, limits on the amount of product that can be imported
Quota
a feeling of pride for your country
Nationalism
moving from place to another place
migration
taxes on imports and exports
tarrifs
an economy system in which people choose freely what to buy and sell
market economy
belief in one god
Monotheism
total number of deaths each year for every 1000 people in a place
deathrate
boundaries that are based on culture traits
cultural boundary
an economic system in which the government decides what to produce and where to make it and the cost
command economy
islamic houses of worship
mosque
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.
refugees
the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
globalization
assimilation to a different culture, typically the dominant one.
acculturation
all features of people’s lives
culture
activities and behavior people take part in
culture traits
an area were people have many shared culture traits
culture region
human population that shares a common culture or ancestry
ethnic groups
when someone adopts some of the traits of another culture
acculturation
when an idea spreads from one person or group to another.
diffusion
more cultures become alike
globalization
following long term practices
traditionalism
people believe in strictly following certain established principles or teachings
fundamentalism
people believe in spirits and forces of nature
animist religions
focus on one ethnic group and generally have not spread into other cultures
ethnic religions
seek followers all over the world
universalizing religions
people who help spread the religion
missionaries
many people in Islamic countries also make a special religious journey to Mecca
hajj
what guides market economies
free enterprise
businesses, industries, and resources are privately down
capitalism
government owns and controls almost all means of production
communism
total value of goods and services that a country produces in a year
gross national product
the goods a country brings in from different nations
import
the goods a country sells or trades with another nation
export
the ability to produce something at a lower opportunity cost then another country can
comparative advantage
use of tactics that make imported goods more expensive than domestic goods
protectionism
a limit placed on the amount of a particular good that enters a community
quota
a payment or other benefit given by government to help a domestic producer
subsidy
a nation’s exports minus it’s imports
balance of trade
a positive trade balance
trade surplus
a negative trade balance
trade deficit
value of a nation’s currency to other nations currency
exchange rate
