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Abbas Memorization Flashcards

1
Q

percentage of CD4+ TH cells in blood, lymph node and spleen

A

35-60%, 50-60%, 50-60%

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2
Q

T reg selected phenotype markers

A

cd3, cd4, cd25, foxp3

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3
Q

NKT cells have specificity for what? what are their cell surface markers?

A

limited specificity for glycolipidCD1. cd56, cd16 (Fc receptor for IgG), cd3

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4
Q

follicular B cells markers

A

Fc receptor, class II MHC, CD 19, cd23

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5
Q

marginal zone B cell markers

A

cd27, IgM

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6
Q

CD62p -what is the molecule and ligand?

A

p selectin binds sialyl Lewis x on psgl-1. endothelium is activated by histamine and thrombin

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7
Q

cd62E-molecule name and ligand

A

E selectin binds sialyl Lewis X (e.g. CLA-1). activated by TNF, IL-1

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8
Q

cd62L-molecule, ligand and activation?

A

L selectin (expressed on leukocytes not endothelium like the others) binds Sialyl Lewis X/PNAd on GlyCam1, cd34, Madcam1

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9
Q

LFA1- CD name and ligand

A

cd11a cd18 binds icam1 (cd54) and icam2 (cd102)

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10
Q

mac-1- CD name and ligand

A

cd11b cd18, icam1 (cd54), icam2 (cd102)

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11
Q

vla-4 CD name and ligand

A

cd49a cd29 binds VCAM 1 (cd106)

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12
Q

what chemokine receptor is expressed by naive T cells and which chemokines bind this and drive lymph node homing?

A

CCR7, binds CCL 19 & 21; dendritic cells activated by microbes also express CCR7 to home to the same area of the lymph node as the naive t cells

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13
Q

which chemokine receptor is expressed by naive B cells? And what chemokines bind it?

A

CXCR5 binds CXCL13 (produced only in follicles of FDC)

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14
Q

what surface markers are expressed by hematopoietic stem cells?

A

CD34 and ckit

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15
Q

what is IL-7R CD? And what does it do?

A

CD127; expressed in naive T cells and memory T cells to promote migration to inflamed tissues

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16
Q

cd27 is marker of what

A

memory b cells

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17
Q

IL2-R; CD name and function? waht cells is it primarily expressed on?

A

cd25; t cell activation marker; highly expressed on effector or activated T cells (not on naive or memory T cells)

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18
Q

cd45RA

A

naive T cells

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19
Q

cd45RO

A

memory T cells

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20
Q

essential cytokines for naive B and T cell survival

A

BAFF and IL7, respectively. defects lead to CVId and scid

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21
Q

which selectin is imp for naive B and T cells to migrate through the high endothelial venues into lymph node?

A

L selectin

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22
Q

what are integrins important for?

A

cell to cell binding

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23
Q

what are the coreceptors for HIV

A

CCR5 and CXCR4

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24
Q

eotaxin (other name) and binds to what receptor

A

aka CCL11 and binds CcR3

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25
IL8 (other name) and function
aka CXCL8- important for neutrophil recruitment
26
IP10 (other name) and function
aka CXCL10; important for t cell recruitment
27
what is important for rolling, activation and stable adhesion of leukocytes
selectins bind, chemokine bindinf activate the integrins (to high affinity state), and integrins bind for right adhesion, which allows for migration through endothelium.
28
where is MAdCAM1 important?
in MALT tissue like Peyers patches. helps with naive T cell homing.
29
TLR for bacterial lipopeptides
TLR1:TLR2 & TLR2:TLR6
30
TLR for peptidoglycan
TLR2
31
LPS
TLR4
32
flagellin
TLR5
33
dsRNA
TLR3 (endosomal)
34
ssRNA
TLR7 & TLR8 (endosomal)
35
cpgDNA
TLR9
36
what makes up TLR structure?
leucine rich repeat motifs, cysteine rich flanking domain with TIR (tolllike IL-1 receptor) domain
37
UNC-93B
protein in endoplasmic reticulum that assists localization and function of endosomal TLRs (3,7,8,9). deficiency leads to susceptibility to viral infections, especially HSV encephalitis
38
major transcription factors activated by TLR signaling
NFkB & AP-1 (transcribes TNF, IL-1, CCL2, CXCL8, and E-selectin); IRF3 & IRF7 (transcribes type 1 interferons)
39
what are the cytosolic receptors involves in the innate immune response?
NOD like receptors, RIG-like receptors and cytosolic DNA receptors
40
what innate immune response may be important in GI pathogens (h pylori, Listeria) and possibly chrohns when polymorphisms are present?
NOd1 and NOD2
41
gain of function of NOd2 receptor and signaling
Blau's syndrome
42
NK cell marker
CD56; CD3-; CD16
43
anti-p40
blocks IL12 and IL23; approved for IBD and psoriasis
44
examples of Ig superfamily proteins
Ig, TCR, class I & II MHC, CD4, CD28, B7.1 & B7.2; ICAM1, KIR, IL1R
45
which antibody isotypes contain 4 tandem Ig domains?
IgM and IgE
46
how many peptides can an MHC I and MHC II binding cleft accomodate
8-11 & 10-30, respectively
47
coreceptor for B cell receptor
complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21)
48
what makes up a TCR complex?
TCR a; b chain, zeta chain, CD3 yE heterodimer and CD3 dE heterodimer
49
NFAT is required for genes encoding IL2, IL4, TNF
IL2, IL4, TNF
50
ctla 4
cd152 -inhibitor of T cell signaling (higher affinity for cd28 than b7 proteina (CD80 & 86)
51
common y (gamma) chain receptor cd nomenclatire and cytokines
CD132; IL2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 21 (subgroup of type I receptors utilizing jak-stat signaling)
52
GM-CSF receptor fam
utilized common B chain (cd131); GM CSF, IL3 & 5
53
what are the transcription factors that commit a developing lymphocyte to the T cell lineage?
Notch1 and gata3
54
transcription factors for B cell development?
EBF, E2A, pax-5
55
bcl-2 & bcl-xl
anti-apoptotic protein; promotes t cell survival
56
which cytokines are important for maintaining long-lived memory T cell populations
IL7 and IL15
57
cd27
IL7 receptor memory surface marker
58
VLA4, VLA5 and CD44
integrins highly expressed on T lymphocytes and bind to fibronectin and hyaluronan to be retained at an extravascular site in the context of infection
59
chemokine receptors and unregulated ligands for what are important for the Th1 response?
cxcR3, ccR5 ; keep TH1 cells abundant at sites of infection. unregulated ligand from CD4 T cells for e-selectin and p-selectin (expressed on endothelial cells).
60
chemokine receptors for Th2 response
CCR3, CCR4, CCR8 (expressed by helminth infections and allergic rxns)
61
chemokine receptor for Th17 and chemokine ligand?
CCR6 and CCL20; expressed during bacterial and fungal infections
62
which chemokine is responsible for naive B cells migrating to the follicles of lymphoid tissue?
CXCL13, secreted mainly by follicular dendritic cells
63
What is the receptor for CXCL14 on naive B cells?
CXCR5
64
unique phenotypes of T follicular helper cells (guess what I'm thinking) ;)
express high levels of CXCR5, ICOS, PD-1, IL21 and the transcription factor Bcl6
65
x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
mutation in SAP (signaling molecule) important in T follicular helper cells). defect in antibody and cytotoxic T cell response.
66
IL21
defining cytokine for T follicular helper cells. critical for terminal center development
67
which cytokines promote isotype switching to IgA
TGFb, APRIL, BAFF; TACI is the gene that encodes the receptor for these cytokines
68
FCyRI; CD and function
CD64- high affinity receptor for IgG subtypes for phagocytic cells
69
FcyRIIb ; CD and function
CD32-inhibitory Fc receptor, responsible for Ab feedback; also IVIG may upregulate this receptor causing the B cell inflammatory response to be suppressed (i.e. the anti inflammatory effect)
70
FcyRIIIa; CD and function
cd16; mediates binding for antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity; expressed on NK cells
71
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
deficiency in DAF or CD59, which are regulatory proteins of complement ; this gene mutation is acquired, not inherited in hematopoietic cells
72
What does properidin stabilize?
C3bBb complex of alternative pathway, i.e. activates complement
73
What does factor H do?
inhibits Binding of Factor B to C3b (only inhibits alternative pathway)
74
What specifically does C1 Inh bind to?
C1s2C1r2, displacing them from C1q
75
What does Factor I do?
cleaves C3b (C4b); regulator of complement
76
What inhibits the formation and/or binding of the terminal MAC complex?
CD59 and factor S
77
more than 50% of patients with C1q, C2 and C4 deficiencies develop what additional disease?
SLE
78
which of the complement deficiency leads to risk of pyogenic infections.
C3, highlighting its importance in opsonozation and phagocytosis; C2 and C4 deficiency does not typically lead to large increased susceptibility to infections; deficiency of properidin and Factor D can result in increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections
79
factor H deficiency is associate with what condition?
macular degeneration; HELLP (polymorphisms); also atypical HUS
80
CR3 and CR4 deficiency
mutations in B chain of CD18, shared by the CD11CD18 integrin family; results in LAD and risk for pyogenic infections
81
What can GP41 on HIV bind that may make it more pathogenic?
Factor H (steals inhibitory action on complement); HIV also incorporates DAF and CD59 as complement regulatory proteins
82
major gut homing integrin on B and T lymphocytes
a4b7, which binds to madcam-1 (on endothelium in lamina propria). monoclonal ab to a4 chain has been trailed to treat IBD
83
gut homing chemokine and receptor
CCL25 produced by intestinal epithelial cells binds to CCR9 on B and T lymphocytes
84
major cytokine required for IgA isotype switching in the gut
TGFb
85
HLA phenotypes associated with Celiac
HLA DQ2 and DQ8
86
phenotypic markers of Treg cells
CD25 (IL-2Ra) high; foxp3 high; ctla4 high; il7r (cd127) LOW
87
graft between individuals of the same species that are genetically different.
allograft
88
graft between individuals of a different species
xenograft
89
FK506
tacrolimus- binds to calcinuerin and inhibits NFAT from going to nucleus to transcribe IL2, which is necessary for T cells.
90
rapamycin
sirolimus-binds to FKBP, but instead of binding calcinuerin, it binds mTOR and inhibits production of proteins that normally promote T cell survival and proliferation
91
What adhesion molecules are important for eosinophil migration? chemokine?
express E-selectin and VCAM1 (the ligand for VLA-4); eotaxin is the chemokine (CCL11) which is produced by epithelial cells and binds to CCR3 which is constitutively expressed on eos
92
cause of LAD I
mutation in B chain of integrins (CD11aCD18 - LFA-1; cd11bcd18- Mac-1; cd11cCD18- p150,95)
93
LAD2
defect in sialyl Lewis X, which binds to E selectin and P selectin in endothelium; mutation in GDP-fucose transporter, also contributes to Bombay phenotype; associated with mental retardation
94
LAD3
mutation in KINDLIN3; interferes with inside-out signaling; can have increased bleeding in patients
95
Src family kinases
Fyn Lck, Lyn
96
coreceptor For HIV
CCR5 (expressed on Macs) and CXCR4 (expressed on T cells)
97
patients with a mutation in this receptor gene are resistant to HIV infection
CCR5

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