Abbas chapter 2

Question 1

What two types of granules are present in neutrophils?

Answer 1

1) Specific.
2) Azurophilic.

Question 2

What is contained within the specific granules of neutrophils?

Answer 2

Enzymes i.e myloperioxidase ( missing in birds & reptils) lysozyme, collagenase, and elastase.

Question 3

What is contained within the azurophilic granules of neutrophils?

Answer 3

Lysosomes containing enzymes and other microbicidal substances, including defensins and cathelicidins.

Question 4

Where are neutrophils formed?

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

What is the production of neutrophils stimulated by?

Answer 5

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).

Question 6

How long are neutrophils active for?

Answer 6

A few hours.

Question 7

Monocytes are heterogenous and consist of at least 2 subsets distinguishable by __________ and _________.

Answer 7

1) Cell surface proteins.
2) Kinetics of migration into tissue.

Question 8

What are the special names given to macrophages of the
1) CNS.
2) Liver vascular sinusoids.
3) Airways.
4) Bones.

Answer 8

1) Microglial cells.
2) Kupffer cells.
3) Alveolar macrophages.
4) Osteoclasts.

Question 9

Briefly explain how macrophages kill microbes?

Answer 9

Enzymatic generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are toxic to microbes, and proteolytic digestion.