ABAP Flashcards
___________ allows grouping of similar classes in a general-to-specific hierarchy.
Inheritance
Often described as a “is a” relationship
Inheritance promotes “programming by difference” which means ___.
the subclass only defines those things that are different
To use inheritance, in the child class, add _____ to the first line of the class definition.
INHERITING FROM parent
Can the inheriting class delete anything from the parent?
No
But the child class can redefine method implementation.
The method is noted as a REDEFINITION
METHODS display_doc REDEFINITION
To call a method of the parent (such as when you want to call the original method as part of a method’s redefinition, use____
SUPER->
TRUE/FALSE
A subclass may use the superclass constructor as is, or the subclass may create a new constructor with a new interface.
TRUE
The constructor is the only method in ABAP objects that is ___, meaning that two active methods share the same name.
overloaded
What’s the code for the subclass constructor if it wishes to call the superclass constructor?
super->construtor ( params ).
TRUE/FALSE
A private component (attribute or method) of a superclass cannot be referenced by the subclass.
TRUE
In the definition of an object, the sections must appear in order. What’s the order?
PUBLIC SECTION
PROTECTED SECTION
PRIVATE SECTION
Which attributes and methods are visible to its children?
PUBLIC and PROTECTED
What are 5 ways of fitting ERP to needs of a company?
- Personalization: setting default values for fields, hiding fields, creating menu paths, etc. Typically done by end user.
- Configuration: using existing controls within the software to conform its functionality to the desired behavior.
- Modification: changing the core software to reflect variant customer execution. Also called customization. NOT RECOMMENDED
- Enhancement: adding to established system elements (without changing standard SAP code).
- Customer Development: creating unique elements within the system environment (without changing standard SAP code). *Add on top of SAP - standalone
Some sources use the terms Configuration and Customization synonymously. We properly consider them distinct terms where their definition is as reflected above.
Which ERP method may be considered the best?
Worst?
Customer Development
Modification
Typical landscape involves multiple systems. Name 4
development (DEV)
testing (QAS)
production (PROD)
training (TRN).
Each statement begins with a _______
keyword
Each statement ends with a ________
period
SE11
Data dictionary / Global repo
Open SQL
ABAP’s version of SQL
Dictionary Component: Data Types
Data Element
Structure
Table Types (internal tables)
Direct typed
Table fields typed without reference to a data element
Transparent table
Is when a table is defined in the ABAP Dictionary. When activated, is created in the underlying DBMS
- The DBMS-specific table has the same name as the ABAP Dictionary transparent table name.
- The field types in the DBMS-specific table are converted to whatever the appropriate data type definition is in the DBMS.
- Underlying elements of the table (such as field order, etc.) may be changed as necessary.
4 basic Open SQL commands
SELECT
UPDATE
INSERT
DELETE
To Override MANDT field, add the ____ clause to the command
CLIENT SPECIFIED
Allows a client number to be specified, for example in a WHERE clause in a query.
If CLIENT SPECIFIED is used but no client-limiting code is included, data for all clients is returned.
SAP LUW (Logical Unit of Work)
set of logical changes to a database that all belong together.
A LUW is done in accordance with the “all or nothing” principle.
If entire sequence cannot be done, the operation is rolled back.
MESSAGE
Simulates error handling
COMMIT WORK
Will explicitly trigger a database commit.
In some situations, the commit is triggered implicitly by the program logic moving to other logical operations.
Inheritance
one class shares structure and behavior with another
Polymorphism
different (but related) objects have the same communication interface
Events
Triggered by an object
Object
instantiation of a class, storing actual data and/or allowing method execution
Class
definition of the structure and functionality of an object-to-be. Defines data the object will contain (attributes) and related functionality (methods).
ABAP class syntax divides the class into 2 sections:
definition (containing attribute declarations and method interface definitions)
implementation (method code)
Functional method
A method with a return value is called a functional method. Unlike other methods, functional methods can be called within other statements such as IF, CASE, and WHILE
How do you self-reference within a method?
me->attributename
What’s the code to import multiple parameters into a method?
object->method( par1 = data1 par2 = data2 ).
If there are parameters of types other than importing, the type of parameter passing must be listed.
object->method( EXPORTING p1 = d1 p2 = d2 IMPORTING par3 = data3 CHANGING par4 = data4 ).
Functional methods (those that return a value) The value to be returned by the method call be listed in the interface using the parameter passing type RECEIVING. Object->method( EXPORTING p1 = d1 RECEIVING par4 = data4 ).
The value to be returned may be captured through assignment (more typical).
data4 = object->method( d1 ).
Event blocks
Called by runtime environment when related event has been triggered through natural program flow of control or when triggered by a user action
Our initial programs—one block—so no need to declare event blocks.
Examples of Program event blocks
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM (called at initial program setup)
START-OF-SELECTION (beginning of main processing)
Example use: PARAMETERS triggered at beginning of main processing. If want to set a default value for field based on processing (calculation, data retrieval), must do this before START-OF-SELECTION.
