ABA Terms Flashcards
Types of Continuous Measurement
Frequency, Rate, Duration, Latency, IRT
Types of Discontinuous Measurement
Partial Interval, Whole Interval, Momentary Time Sampling
Preference Assessment
A systematic way of identifying preferred items, use to identify reinforcers to increase the frequency of future responses.
What are the 5 types of Preference Assessments?
Free Operant MSW MSWO Paired Choice, also known as Forced Choice Single Stimulus
3 Term Contingency
What are the ABC’s?
A. Antecedent
B. Behavior
C. Consequences
4 Term Contingency
- MO- Motivating Operation
- A-Antecedent
- B- Behavior
- C- Consequence
Motivating Operation (MO)
environmental variable that alters the reinforcing or punishing aspect of a stimulus/object/event
What is DTT?
Discrete-Trial Teaching (Training)
What is NET?
Natural Environment Training or Naturalistic Teaching or Incidental Teaching
How do you implement NET?
Naturalistic Teaching is client led, the Staff (Behavior Technician) works to contrive a situation where learning can occur. Also called incidental teaching
How do you implement DTT?
Discrete Trial Teaching is staff led, it is very structed and repetitive. Usually in a set of 10 trails.
What are the 3 types of chaining procedures used in ABA?
Forwards chaining
Backwards chaining
Total Task presentation
Forward Chaining
A method for teaching behavior chains that begins with the learner being prompted and taught to perform the first behavior in the task analysis(T.A); the trainer completes the remaining steps in the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the first step in the chain, he is then taught to perform the first two behaviors in the chain, with the trainer completing the chain. This process is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently.
Backwards Chaining
A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in the chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently
Total Task presentation
A variation of forward chaining in which the learner receives training on each behavior in the chain during the session. The trainer provides assistance for any steps the learner is unable to perform independently, and the chain is trained until the learner is able to perform all the behaviors in the sequence to the predetermined criterion.
Shaping
Using reinforcement to shape a behavior until it resembles the terminal behavior (desired behavior)
Abolishing Operation (AO)
A motivating operation that DECREASES the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion
Antecedent
The incident that happens BEFORE the behavior (Trigger)
What is an Antecedent Intervention?
A behavior change strategy that manipulates antecedent stimuli based on (a) motivating operations (EO, AO), (b) stimulus control (differential availability of reinforcement), and (c) contingency- independent interventions
Name 3 Antecedent Interventions
- NCR (Non-Contingent Reinforcement)
- High probability request sequence,
- FCT (Functional Communication Training)
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior. Evidence Based, It is science
Baseline
Data taken to see where the client’s current skill level is at, this data is taken prior to any intervention being put in place
Behavior
A response component of a reflex, behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli
Behavior Momentum
Describes the resistance to change in a behavior’s rate of responding following an alteration in reinforcement conditions. This also describes the effects of high-probability (high-p) request sequence
Consequence
A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest
DRA
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to the behavior targeted for reduction
DRI
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior ( e.g. sitting in a seat is incompatible with walking around the room).
DRO
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at a specific times
Establishing Operation (EO)
A motivating operation that INCREASES the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer
Extinction (EXT)
The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior (i.e., responses no longer produce reinforcement)
Extinction Burst
An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented
Frequency
A count of how often the behavior has occurred,
Type of Continuous Measurement
Functional Communication Training (FCT)
An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an establishing operation (E.O)
Dependent Variable
The measured behavior in an experiment to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the independent variable; in ABA it represents some measure of a socially significant behavior
Independent Variable
The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see whether changes in the independent variable produce reliable changes in the dependent variable
Horizontal Axis
x-axis, most often represents the passage of time and the presence, absence, and/or value of the independent variable
Vertical Axis
y-axis, the vertical axis most often represents a range of value of the dependent variable. In ABA it is always some quantifiable dimension of behavior.
Condition Change Lines
also know as
Phase Change Lines
Vertical lines drawn upward from the horizontal axis to show points in time at which changes in the independent variable occurred. Solid line showing difference between baseline and intervention.
Data Path
Connecting successive data points within a given condition with a straight line
Figure Caption
Concise statement that, in combination with the axis and condition labels, provides the reader with sufficient information to identify the independent and dependent variables.
Duration
The total time that behavior occurs; measure by elapsed time from the onset of a response to its end point
Echoic
An verbal operant involving a vocal response that is evoked by a vocal verbal “SD”
Discriminative Stimulus “SD”
A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has been reinforced and in the absence of which that behavior has not been reinforced; as a result of this history, an “SD” evokes operant behavior because its presence signals the availability of reinforcement
Errorless Learning
A variety of techniques for gradually transferring stimulus control with a minimum of errors
Event Recording
Measurement procedure for obtaining a tally or count of the number of times a behavior occurs
Fixed Interval (FI)
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced
e.g., on an FI 3-min schedule, the first response following the passage of 3 minutes is reinforced
Fixed Ratio (FR)
A schedule of reinforcement requiring a fixed number of responses for reinforcement
e.g., an FR 4 schedule of reinforcement follows every fourth response
Free Operant
Any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in time and space
Functionally Equivalent
Serving the same function or purpose; different topographies of behavior are functionally equivalent if they produce the same consequences
