ABA SAFMED DECK Flashcards
Data collection of the dependent
variable without intervention in place.
Baseline
A pattern of responding that exhibits
relatively little variation in its measured dimensional quantities over a period of
time.
Steady State Responding
Demonstration that baseline level of
responding would have remained had
the IV not been introduced.
Verification
Repeating conditions within an
experiment to determine the reliability
of effects and increase internal validity.
Replication
Potential interactions among conditions based on the sequences these treatments are presented.
Sequence Effects
Potential interactions among conditions because behavior was permanently
changed by the manipulation.
Carry-Over Effects
Potential interactions among conditions because the actual order of conditions influences the outcome.
Order Effects
Reversal/Withdrawal Design
Baseline – Intervention - Baseline
Multielement/ Alternating
Treatment Design
Compares different treatments to each
other or to no treatment at all.
Multiple Baseline Design
Two or more independent baselines are
established; IV is then separately
introduced in a staggered fashion to
each baseline.
Multiple Probe Technique
Supports an analysis of behavior
learned through shaping/chaining.
Changing Criterion Design
Criterion for a given behavior gradually
changes over the course of the
experiment.
Parametric Analysis
An experiment designed to discover the
differential effects of a range of values
of an independent variable.
Component Analysis
Systematic assessment of two or more
independent variables or components
that comprise a treatment package.
Experimental Control
Demonstration of a functional
relationship; IV has control over DV.
Independent Variable
The variable being manipulated.
Dependent Variable
The variable being measured.
Confounding Variable
An uncontrolled factor known or
suspected to exert influence on the
dependent variable.
Internal Validity
Measured changes in behavior are due
to the manipulation and not due to
uncontrolled extraneous variables.
External Validity
The extent to which a study’s results are
generalizable to other
subjects, settings, or behaviors.
Phase Change
Change in the analysis from one
level/kind of independent variable to
the next level/kind.
Matched Group Designs
Between-subjects design; subjects are
matched on some variable assumed to
affect the outcome before being
randomly assigned to the groups.
Repeated Measured Designs
Within-subjects design; participants are
tested in each of the experiment’s
conditions.
Independent Group Designs
Between-subjects design; subjects are
randomly assigned to the groups.
Baseline Logic
Experimental reasoning that entails
three elements: prediction, verification,
and replication.
Practice Effects
Improvements in performance resulting
from opportunities to perform a
behavior repeatedly.
Prediction
A statement of the anticipated
outcome of a presently unknown or
future measure.
Visual Analysis
The traditional method used in single
subject designs to determine is
experimental control exists.
Social Validity
Evaluation of the acceptability or
viability of an intervention.
Withdrawal Design
Stable baseline is established; IV is
applied, DV changes observed; IV
removed, DV returns to baseline.
Reversal Design
Stable baseline is established; IV1 is
applied, DV changes observed; IV2
(incompatible) is applied,
DV returns to baseline.
Level
Magnitude of data on graph.
Trend
Slope of data points on graph.
Systematic Replication
To repeat or duplicate experimental
findings despite varying a number of
conditions, such as task, setting or other
parameters of the basic procedures.
Direct Replication
The exact replication of an experiment.
Maturation
Physiological processes occurring
within the participants that could
account for any changes in behavior.
History
Previously learned behaviors that
confound the IV.
Construct Validity
A method of assessing validity by
examining how well the behavioral
definition measures the underlying
construct.
Regression to the Mean
Tendency of extreme initial scores to be
less extreme in subsequent retesting (in
the absence of any treatment effects).
Selection Bias
Any bias in selecting and assigning
participants that results in systematic
differences not related to treatment
Mortality
Differential dropping out of some
subjects before the experiment is
finished.
Instrumentation
Changes in the measurement procedures
may result in changes
not related to treatment.
Testing
When participants are repeatedly tested,
changes in test scores related to
practice, not treatment effects.
Selection by Maturation Interaction
Matched subjects, although similar at
one point, developed differently even if
no treatment had been administered.
Variable
Any condition in an experiment,
whether manipulable or merely
observed, which can be changed or
changes.
