ABA Key Terms

Question 1

3 Principles of Behavior

Answer 1

1. Reinforcement
2. Punishment
3. Extinction

Question 2

4 Functions of Behavior

Answer 2

S.E.A.T
1 Sensory
2. Escape/Avoidance
3. Attention
4. Tangible

Question 3

Anecdotal Data

Answer 3

a method of descriptively recording the behavior emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about the environment

Question 4

Antecedent

Answer 4

what occurs before a behavior that then influences behavior

an environment or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest

Question 5

Applied Behavior Analysis**

Answer 5

the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change

the scientific study of principles of learning and behavior

Question 6

How could you assist in training stakeholders?**

Answer 6

train stakeholders by giving them…instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard to behavioral skills training (BST)

Question 7

Attention Function

Answer 7

a function of behavior in which the individual is reinforced by receiving attention from others

Question 8

Automatic Reinforcement**

Answer 8

the behavior itself is reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a tangible item

Question 9

Backward Chaining

Answer 9

training begins the link with the last behavior in the sequence

trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last step

then trainer performs all but the last two steps until the learner masters the last two steps and so on….

Question 10

Baseline Data

Answer 10

data taken before an intervention takes place

describes the existing level of performance

Question 11

Chaining

Answer 11

a specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition

when components are link together, they form a chain that produces a seminal outcome

Question 12

Components of a Written Behavior Plan**

Answer 12

1. Identify, describe, create a goal for a behavior in observable terms
2. Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior
3. Identify hypothesis of function of behavior
4. Identify possible replacement behaviors
5. Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions
6. Create crisis intervention plan
7. Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance procedures

Question 13

Conditioned Response

Answer 13

a behavior that does not come naturally , but must be learned by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 14

a previously neutral stimulus that after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself

Question 15

Consequence

Answer 15

events or change in environment that follow behavior and my influence it including increasing or decreasing it in the future

may be reinforcing or punishing

Question 16

Contingency

Answer 16

refers to an if/then relationship between a behavior and a consequence

Question 17

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 17

providing reinforcement each time the behavior/response occurs

Question 18

Differential Reinforcement

Answer 18

reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement from another response class

behavior receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which reinforcement is being withheld should decrease

Question 19

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors (DRA)

Answer 19

Focus on increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly interferes with the performance of the undesired target behavior

ex: reinforce knitting instead of nail biting

Question 20

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors (DRI)

Answer 20

Similar to DRA but you choose an alternative behavior to reinforce that, if performed, would be incompatible with the undesired target behavior

ex: playing nicely vs fighting

Question 21

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)

Answer 21

entail reinforcing for reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior

often used when individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently

Question 22

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO)

Answer 22

providing a reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior

ex: engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior - every 5 mins without hitting, individual receives a sticker

Question 23

Direct Observation Preference Assessment

Answer 23

identify what is motivating the individual

the more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed preference

Question 24

Discrete Trial Training

Answer 24

structured instructional methodology used to teach new behaviors

designed to maximize a learner’s potential by presenting information in a three-part teaching unit

based on A - B - C (stimulus - response - consequence)

objective = to teach children how to learn from their natural environment and make learning reinforcing

Question 25

Discrimination Training

Answer 25

procedure to teach between two targets

trail training using phases

**?
ex: phase 1 - 6 mass trials of target, Block Trials, and Random Rotation

Question 26

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Answer 26

environmental cue or instruction that signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior

Question 27

Duration Data

Answer 27

Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a behavior occurs

-the amount of time a response is performed
-track from onset to offset
-typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short (i.e., on task behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)