ABA Key Terms Flashcards
3 Principles of Behavior
- Reinforcement
- Punishment
- Extinction
4 Functions of Behavior
S.E.A.T
1 Sensory
2. Escape/Avoidance
3. Attention
4. Tangible
Anecdotal Data
a method of descriptively recording the behavior emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about the environment
Antecedent
what occurs before a behavior that then influences behavior
an environment or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest
Applied Behavior Analysis**
the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change
the scientific study of principles of learning and behavior
How could you assist in training stakeholders?**
train stakeholders by giving them…instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard to behavioral skills training (BST)
Attention Function
a function of behavior in which the individual is reinforced by receiving attention from others
Automatic Reinforcement**
the behavior itself is reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a tangible item
Backward Chaining
training begins the link with the last behavior in the sequence
trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last step
then trainer performs all but the last two steps until the learner masters the last two steps and so on….
Baseline Data
data taken before an intervention takes place
describes the existing level of performance
Chaining
a specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition
when components are link together, they form a chain that produces a seminal outcome
Components of a Written Behavior Plan**
- Identify, describe, create a goal for a behavior in observable terms
- Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior
- Identify hypothesis of function of behavior
- Identify possible replacement behaviors
- Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions
- Create crisis intervention plan
- Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance procedures
Conditioned Response
a behavior that does not come naturally , but must be learned by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
a previously neutral stimulus that after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself
Consequence
events or change in environment that follow behavior and my influence it including increasing or decreasing it in the future
may be reinforcing or punishing
Contingency
refers to an if/then relationship between a behavior and a consequence
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
providing reinforcement each time the behavior/response occurs
Differential Reinforcement
reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement from another response class
behavior receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which reinforcement is being withheld should decrease
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors (DRA)
Focus on increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly interferes with the performance of the undesired target behavior
ex: reinforce knitting instead of nail biting
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors (DRI)
Similar to DRA but you choose an alternative behavior to reinforce that, if performed, would be incompatible with the undesired target behavior
ex: playing nicely vs fighting
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)
entail reinforcing for reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior
often used when individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO)
providing a reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior
ex: engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior - every 5 mins without hitting, individual receives a sticker
Direct Observation Preference Assessment
identify what is motivating the individual
the more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed preference
Discrete Trial Training
structured instructional methodology used to teach new behaviors
designed to maximize a learner’s potential by presenting information in a three-part teaching unit
based on A - B - C (stimulus - response - consequence)
objective = to teach children how to learn from their natural environment and make learning reinforcing
Discrimination Training
procedure to teach between two targets
trail training using phases
**?
ex: phase 1 - 6 mass trials of target, Block Trials, and Random Rotation
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
environmental cue or instruction that signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior
Duration Data
Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a behavior occurs
-the amount of time a response is performed
-track from onset to offset
-typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short (i.e., on task behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)
