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ABA (Cooper and Heron) > ABA Chapter 24 Functional Behavior Assessment > Flashcards

ABA Chapter 24 Functional Behavior Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is FBA used for?

A

ID the type and source of reinforcement for challenging behaviors as the basis for intervention efforts designed to decrease the occurrence of those behaviors.

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2
Q

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

A

Enables hypotheses about the relations among specific types of environmental events and behaviors.

  • specifically obtains information about the purposes (functions) a behavior serves a person.
  • thought as reinforcer assessment of sorts
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3
Q

Social Positive Reinforcement

A

(Attention)
AKA Positive Reinforcement
- problem behavior results in immediate attention from others, such as head turns; surprised facial expression; reprimands; attempts to sooth, counsel or distract; and so on.

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4
Q

Positive Reinforcement : Name three types

A

Social Positive Reinforcement (Attention)
Tangible Reinforcement
Automatic Positive Reinforcement

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5
Q

Tangible Reinforcement

A

Behaviors result in access to reinforcing materials or other stimuli.

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6
Q

Automatic Positive Reinforcement

A

behavior that produce it’s own reinforcement.

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7
Q

Negative Reinforcement: Name two types

A

Social Negative Reinforcement (Escape)

Automatic Negative Reinforcement

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8
Q

Social Negative Reinforcement

A

(Escape)
Behavior that effectively terminates or postpones aversive stimulus (e.g unpleasant tasks, activities or interactions. )
e.g hanging up phone with telemarketer, doing a chore request from others to complete it.

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9
Q

Automatic Negative Reinforcement

A

physically painful or uncomfortable condition, is a MO that makes its termination reinforcing.
e.g hitting head to soothe a headache.

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10
Q

What kinds of information does a topography of a behavior reveal?

A

Very little useful information.

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11
Q

What does the function of behaviors reveal?

A

IDs the conditions that account for a behavior and what condition needs to be altered to change that behavior.

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12
Q

Role of functional behavior assessment in the intervention and prevention. Name three strategic approaches.

A

Altering antecedent variables
altering consequent variables
teaching alternative behavior

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13
Q

Altering the antecedents for problem behavior can change and/or eliminate either ____ or _______

A

a. the MO for problem behavior or

b. SD that trigger problem behavior

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14
Q

FBA can also identify a ____ _ ____ to be eliminated for the problem behavior.

A
  • Source of reinforcement

Alternating Consequence Variables

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15
Q

FBA can also identify that source of reinforcement to be provided for _______ _______ _______.

A

Appropriate replacement behaviors.

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16
Q

Premature efforts to treat problem behavior before seeking an understanding of the purposes it serves for a person can be _____, ______, and _______

A

inefficient
ineffective
even harmful

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17
Q

Default technologies

A

intrusive, coercive or punishment based intervention.

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18
Q

FBA can decrease reliance of ____.

A

default technology

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19
Q

3 types of FBA methods. What are they?

A

Upside down Funnnel

  • Functional (experimental) analysis
  • Descriptive Assessment
  • indirect assessment
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20
Q

Functional Analysis (Experimental) (AKA?)

A

AKA Analog
Antecedents and consequences representing those in the person’s natural environment are arranged so their separate effects on problem behavior can be observed.

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21
Q

Why is an FA sometimes called an analog?

A

B/C antecedents and consequences similar to those occurring in natural routines are presented in a systematic manner, but the analysis is not conduct in the context of naturally occurring routines.

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22
Q

Why are analog conditions used in an FA?

A

Because they allow the behavior analyst to better control the environmental variables that may be related to the problem

23
Q

Research as found that FA conducted in natural environments often yield the same (in some cases, clearer) results compared to those conducted in simulated settings. T/F

A

True

24
Q

FA are compromised for four test conditions, what are they?

A

Contingent attention, contingent escape, alone and control condition (play)

25
Q

In an FA; what does elevated problem behavior in contingent attention condition suggest?

A

Maintained by social positive reinforcement

26
Q

In an FA; what does elevated problem behavior in contingent escape condition suggest?

A

Maintained by negative reinforcement.

27
Q

In an FA; what does elevated problem behavior in the alone condition suggest?

A

Behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement

28
Q

If FA behavior is automatically is reinforced what should one do?

A

Further analysis is needed to determine if the source of the automatic reinforcement is maintained by multiple sources (positive vs negative reinforcement)

29
Q

In a FA if problem behavior occur in all condition what is this considered?

A

Undifferentiated (inconclusive) or automatic

30
Q

Advantages of an FA

A
  • Yield a clear demonstration of the variable (s) that relate to the occurrence of behavior.
31
Q

Limitation of an FA

A
  • may temporarily strengthen or increase the undesirable behavior.
  • behavior acquire new functions
  • acceptability is low
  • difficult to use for serious, low frequency behavior
  • If conducted in a contrived setting, may not ID idiosyncratic variables related to problem behavior.
32
Q

Descriptive Functional Behavior Assessment

A

encompasses direct observation of behavior; unlike functional analysis , observations are made in naturally occurring conditions.

33
Q

What are three types of descriptive analysis?

A

ABC continuous recording, ABC narrative recording, and scatter plots.

34
Q

ABC Continuous Recording

A

observer records occurrences of the targeted behavior and selected environmental events in the natural routine during a period of time.
- partial interval, momentary time sampling, or frequency recording is used.

35
Q

Advantages to ABC Continuous Recording

A
  • uses precise measures (similar to an FA)
  • provides useful contextual information and correlations regarding environmental events and the problem behavior, which can provide useful information for later functional analyses.
  • provide useful info for designing a subsequent FA is necessary
36
Q

Disadvantaged to ABC Continuous Recording

A
  • Often, antecedents and consequences do not reliably precede and follow problem behavior, making correlation difficult to detect. Hence why a conditional probabilities is used.
37
Q

Conditional Probabilities

A

Likely hood that a target problem behavior will occur in a given circumstance.
Calculate:
- Proportion of occurrences of problem behavior preceded by a specific antecedent
- Proportion of the occurrence of problem behavior followed by a specific consequence.

38
Q

ABC Narrative Recording (AKA?)

A

AKA Sequence Analysis
Data collected only when behavior of interest are observed.
- recording is open-ended

39
Q

Advantages to ABC Narrative Recording

A

Less time- consuming than continuous recording

40
Q

Disadvantages to ABC Narrative Recording

A
  • Utility of identifying behavioral function NOT established.
  • May yield false positives behavior data are collected only when the occur.
  • Same antecedent and consequence event may be present when problem behavior is absent.
  • Reliability may be low.
  • Observers may report “inferred states”
  • Difficult to discriminate which environmental events actually occasion the problem behavior.
41
Q

Scatter Plot (AKA?)

A
  • Pattern Analysis

Procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at particular time that other.

42
Q

How does one record on a scatter plot?

A

For each period, enter a symbol to indicate whether problem behavior occurred a lot, some or none.

43
Q

How is a scatter plot set up?

A

Divide day into blocks of time (e.g a series of 30 min segments)

44
Q

Advantages to Scatter Plot

A
  • IDs time periods when the problem behavior occurs.

- Can be useful for pinpointing periods of the day when more focused ABA assessments can be conducted

45
Q

Disadvantages to Scatter Plot

A

Utility of scatter plot is unknown
Obtaining accurate data maybe difficult
Subjective in nature .

46
Q

Indirect Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

A

Methods use structured interviews, checklist, rating scales, or questionnaires to obtain information from persons who are familiar with the person exhibiting the problem behavior (e.g teacher, parents, and/or individual him- or herself) to ID possible conditions or event in the natural environment that correlates to problem behavior.

47
Q

When are behavioral interview used?

A

Routinely during assessment

48
Q

Goal of a behavioral interview?

A

To obtain clear and objective information about the problem behaviors, antecedents, and consequences.

49
Q

Advantages of Indirect FBA

A
  • contributes to hypothesis development regarding the variable that may occasions or maintain problem behavior.
50
Q

Disadvantages of Indirect FBA

A
  • Informant may not be accurate
  • Little research exists to support the reliability of information obtained.
  • Best used for hypothesis development.
51
Q

FBA 4 Step Process

A
  1. Gather information via indirect and descriptive assessment.
  2. Interpret information form indirect and descriptive assessment and formulate a hypotheses about the purpose of problem behavior.
  3. Test hypotheses using functional analysis
  4. Develop intervention options based on the function of problem behavior
52
Q

Functionally Equivalent (AKA?)

A

Functionally Equivalent Behaviors

- Intervention must match the function of the behavior.

53
Q

When developing intervention make sure it is ______.

A

functionally equivalent

54
Q

Does each condition contain an MO and a potential source of reinforcement?

A

Yes

ABA (Cooper and Heron) (6 decks)

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