ABA Flashcards
behavior
a muscle, glandular, or neuro-electrical activity
behavior analysis
the study of the principles of behavior
dead-man test
if a dead man can do it, it probably isn’t behavior
reinforcer(positive reinforcer)
a stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows
baseline
the phase of an experiment or intervention where the behavior is measured in the absence of an intervention
behavioral contingency
the occasion for a response, the response, and the outcome of the response
reinforcement contingency
the response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response
aversive stimulus (negative reinforcer)
a stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response its removal (termination) follows
escape contingency (negative reinforcement contingency)
the response-contingent removal of an aversive stimulus resulting in an increased frequency if that response
functional assessment
an assessment of the contingencies responsible for the problem behavior
parsimony
the use of no unnecessary concepts, principles, or assumptions
dependent variable
a measure of the subject’s behavior
independent variable
the variable the experimenter systematically manipulates to influence the dependent variable
punishment contingency (positive punishment)
the response-contingent presentation of an aversive condition (negative reinforcer) resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
reliability measurement
the comparison of measurements of dependent variables and independent variables obtained by independent observers
social validity
the goals, procedures, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analyst, and society
penalty contingency (negative punishment)
the response-contingent removal of a reinforcer (positive reinforcer) resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
response-cost contingency
the immediate, response-contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
time-out contingency
the response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response
extinction
stopping the reinforcement or escape contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease
differential-punishment procedure
punishing one set of responses and not punishing another set of responses
differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
stopping reinforcement for an inappropriate response, while shifting that reinforcement to an appropriate response
duration
the time from the beginning to the end of a response
latency
the time between the signal or opportunity for a response and the beginning of that response
response class
a set of responses that (a) are similar on at least one response dimension, (b) share the effects of reinforcement and punishment, or (c) serve the same function (produce the same outcome)
response dimensions
the physical properties of a response
response topography
the sequence (path of movement), form, or location of components of a response relative to the rest of the body
task analysis
an analysis of complex behavior and sequences of behavior into their component responses
shaping with reinforcement
the differential reinforcement of only the behavior that more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior
motivating operation (MO)
a procedure or condition that affects learning and performance with respect to a particular reinforcer or aversive stimulus
premack principle
if one activity occurs more often than another, the opportunity to do the most frequent activity will reinforce the less frequent activity
satiation
consuming a substantial amount of a reinforcer decreases relevant learning and performance
unlearned aversive condition (unconditioned punisher)
a stimulus that is aversive, though not as a result of pairing with other aversive conditions
unlearned reinforcer (unconditioned reinforcer)
a stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer
conditional stimulus
elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral
generalized learned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer or generalized conditioned reinforcer)
a learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it was paired with a variety of other reinforcers
learned reinforcer (secondary or conditioned reinforcer)
a stimulus that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with another reinforcer
pairing procedure
the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or aversive condition
token economy
a system of generalized learned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later
discrimination training procedure
reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another simulus
discriminative stimulus (s^D)
a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished
prompt
a supplemental stimulus in the presence
