ABA

Question 1

behavior

Answer 1

a muscle, glandular, or neuro-electrical activity

Question 2

behavior analysis

Answer 2

the study of the principles of behavior

Question 3

dead-man test

Answer 3

if a dead man can do it, it probably isn’t behavior

Question 4

reinforcer(positive reinforcer)

Answer 4

a stimulus that increases the frequency of a response it follows

Question 5

baseline

Answer 5

the phase of an experiment or intervention where the behavior is measured in the absence of an intervention

Question 6

behavioral contingency

Answer 6

the occasion for a response, the response, and the outcome of the response

Question 7

reinforcement contingency

Answer 7

the response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response

Question 8

aversive stimulus (negative reinforcer)

Answer 8

a stimulus that increases the future frequency of a response its removal (termination) follows

Question 9

escape contingency (negative reinforcement contingency)

Answer 9

the response-contingent removal of an aversive stimulus resulting in an increased frequency if that response

Question 10

functional assessment

Answer 10

an assessment of the contingencies responsible for the problem behavior

Question 11

parsimony

Answer 11

the use of no unnecessary concepts, principles, or assumptions

Question 12

dependent variable

Answer 12

a measure of the subject’s behavior

Question 13

independent variable

Answer 13

the variable the experimenter systematically manipulates to influence the dependent variable

Question 14

punishment contingency (positive punishment)

Answer 14

the response-contingent presentation of an aversive condition (negative reinforcer) resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

Question 15

reliability measurement

Answer 15

the comparison of measurements of dependent variables and independent variables obtained by independent observers

Question 16

social validity

Answer 16

the goals, procedures, and results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, the behavior analyst, and society

Question 17

penalty contingency (negative punishment)

Answer 17

the response-contingent removal of a reinforcer (positive reinforcer) resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

Question 18

response-cost contingency

Answer 18

the immediate, response-contingent removal of a tangible reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

Question 19

time-out contingency

Answer 19

the response-contingent removal of access to a reinforcer resulting in a decreased frequency of that response

Question 20

extinction

Answer 20

stopping the reinforcement or escape contingency for a previously reinforced response causes the response frequency to decrease

Question 21

differential-punishment procedure

Answer 21

punishing one set of responses and not punishing another set of responses

Question 22

differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Answer 22

stopping reinforcement for an inappropriate response, while shifting that reinforcement to an appropriate response

Question 23

duration

Answer 23

the time from the beginning to the end of a response

Question 24

latency

Answer 24

the time between the signal or opportunity for a response and the beginning of that response

Question 25

response class

Answer 25

a set of responses that (a) are similar on at least one response dimension, (b) share the effects of reinforcement and punishment, or (c) serve the same function (produce the same outcome)

Question 26

response dimensions

Answer 26

the physical properties of a response

Question 27

response topography

Answer 27

the sequence (path of movement), form, or location of components of a response relative to the rest of the body

Question 28

task analysis

Answer 28

an analysis of complex behavior and sequences of behavior into their component responses

Question 29

shaping with reinforcement

Answer 29

the differential reinforcement of only the behavior that more and more closely resembles the terminal behavior

Question 30

motivating operation (MO)

Answer 30

a procedure or condition that affects learning and performance with respect to a particular reinforcer or aversive stimulus

Question 31

premack principle

Answer 31

if one activity occurs more often than another, the opportunity to do the most frequent activity will reinforce the less frequent activity

Question 32

satiation

Answer 32

consuming a substantial amount of a reinforcer decreases relevant learning and performance

Question 33

unlearned aversive condition (unconditioned punisher)

Answer 33

a stimulus that is aversive, though not as a result of pairing with other aversive conditions

Question 34

unlearned reinforcer (unconditioned reinforcer)

Answer 34

a stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer

Question 35

conditional stimulus

Answer 35

elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral

Question 36

generalized learned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer or generalized conditioned reinforcer)

Answer 36

a learned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it was paired with a variety of other reinforcers

Question 37

learned reinforcer (secondary or conditioned reinforcer)

Answer 37

a stimulus that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with another reinforcer

Question 38

pairing procedure

Answer 38

the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or aversive condition

Question 39

token economy

Answer 39

a system of generalized learned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later

Question 40

discrimination training procedure

Answer 40

reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another simulus

Question 41

discriminative stimulus (s^D)

Answer 41

a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished

Question 42

prompt

Answer 42

a supplemental stimulus in the presence