ab. psych final

Question 1

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 1

extreme weight loss

due to restriction (not eating enough)

Question 2

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 2

Go on binges and then
engage in a behavior such as vomiting to
try to prevent weight gain

Question 3

Binge eating disorder

Answer 3

Eating binges

without a compensatory behavior like vomiting

Question 4

Anorexia DSM 5 diagnosis

Answer 4

Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a
significantly low body weight (in the context of age, sex, and physical
health)
O “Significantly low weight” is defined as weight that is less than
minimally normal
B. Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body or shape is experienced,
undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of current low body weight

Question 5

Two Types of Anorexia

Answer 5

Restricting Type: During the last 3 months weight loss was primarily achieved through
dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise

O Binge-eating/purging type: During the last 3 months, the ind has engaged in recurrent
episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (vomiting, misuse of laxatives, enemas)

O How is this different from bulimia?
O Failure to maintain healthy body weight

Question 6

Bulimia Nervosa DSM 5

Answer 6

A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode is characterized
by both of the following:
A. Eating, in a discrete period of time (ex: within a 2 hr. period),
an amt of food that is definitely larger than what most would
eat
B. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (feel
can’t stop or control what you are eating)
B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to
prevent weight gain -purging- vomiting, misuse of laxatives,
excessive exercise
C. The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both
occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months
D. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight E. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of
anorexia nervosa

Question 7

Binge eating

Answer 7

A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating (characterized by eating more than
the average person in a short time and feeling of lack of control)
B. The binge-eating episodes are associated with 3 (or more) of the
following:
A. Eating much more rapidly than normal B. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full C. Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry D. Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is
eating
E. Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is present D. The binge eating occurs, on average, at least once a week for 3 months E. The binge is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate
compensatory behavior

Question 8

Transgender

Answer 8

• Persistently identifies with the opposite sex
• Wears clothing of the gender that they identify with (not for sexual arousal)
• Feels incongruence between physical body and gender
• Can be gay or straight

Question 9

Transvestic Disorder

Answer 9

• Male who wears female attire (extremely rare for female to wear male attire)
• Is sexually aroused by cross-dressing
• Majority are heterosexual

Question 10

Gender Dysphoria

Answer 10

people with this disorder persistently feel that they have been assigned to the wrong biological sex

Question 11

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 11

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent

Question 12

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Answer 12

This disorder is characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and limited emotional expression

Question 13

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Answer 13

This disorder is characterized by a range of interpersonal problems, marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd (even bizarre) ways of thinking, and behavioral eccentricities

Question 14

Anti-Social Personality Disorder

Answer 14

Sometimes described as “psychopaths” or “sociopaths,” people with antisocial personality disorder persistently
disregard and violate others’ rights

• Deceitful and manipulative, may be charming
• Lack of remorse

Question 15

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 15

People with this disorder display great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity

Question 16

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 16

People with histrionic personality disorder are extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention

Question 17

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 17

• People with this PD are typically convinced of their own great success, power, or beauty, they expect constant attention and admiration from those around them (unlike histrionic they only want POSITIVE attention)
• People with this disorder exaggerate their achievements and talents, and often appear arrogant (example: client telling me of his need for an extremely intelligent therapist)

Question 18

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Answer 18

People with avoidant personality disorder are: • very uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations
• overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy, and •extremely sensitive to negative evaluation

Question 19

Dependent Personality Disorder

Answer 19

ople with dependent personality disorder have a pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of

Question 20

OCPD

Answer 20

People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are so preoccupied with order, perfection, and control that they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency

They set unreasonably high standards for themselves and others and, fearing a mistake, may be afraid to
make decisions
•Never satisfied with their work (“It could have been better”)

Question 21

Differences of OCD and OCPD

Answer 21

Different from OCD. Key Difference: those with OC

Personality Disorder do NOT have obsessions and/or compulsion

Question 22

Substance Use Disorders

Answer 22

pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance, sometimes also including tolerance for the substance and withdrawal reaction

Question 23

Tolerance

Answer 23

the adjustment that the brain and the body make to the regular use of certain drugs so that ever larger doses are needed to achieve the earlier effects

Question 24

Withdrawal

Answer 24

Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug (cramps, anxiety attacks, sweating, nausea

Question 25

Aversion Therapy: Behavioral Approach

Answer 25

Individuals are repeatedly presented with an unpleasant stimulus at the very moment they are taking a drug (ex: electric shock)
•After repeated pairings, they are expected to react negatively to the substance itself and to lose their craving for it
•(Same concept as placing something that tastes bad on fingernails to stop biting them)

Question 26

Relapse Prevention Training

Answer 26

• Clients are taught to plan ahead for drinking situations • Identify high-risk situations • Appreciate the range of decisions/options they have in these
situations
• Used particularly to treat alcohol use; also used to treat cocaine and marijuana abuse
• Some particular strategies used: 1. Therapists have clients keep track of their drinking behavior 2. Teach clients copies strategies to use in tough situations
(assertiveness skills)
3. Teach clients to plan ahead of time (decide how many drinks are ok in advance)

Question 27

Drug Maintenance Therapy

Answer 27

• Methadone maintenance programs are designed
to provide a safe substitute for heroin
• Methadone is a laboratory opioid with a long half-life, taken orally once a day
• Programs were roundly criticized as “substituting addictions

Question 28

Paraphilia’s

Answer 28

People with paraphilic disorders have repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that fall outside of sexual norms

Question 29

Fetish Disorder

Answer 29

One relatively common example is fetishistic disorder: disorder consisting of recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve the use of a nonliving object or nongenital part, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli

Question 30

Transvestic Disorder

Answer 30

transvestic disorder features recurrent sexual arousal from dressing in clothes of the opposite sex (this is very different from transgender individuals who do not get sexually aroused by the way that they dress, but rather they dress to match their identity)

Question 31

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Answer 31

A person with exhibitionistic disorder experiences recurrent sexual arousal from exposing his/her genitals to an unsuspecting individual

Question 32

Voyeuristic Disorder

Answer 32

Over a period of 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors

Question 33

Frotteurisitic Disorder

Answer 33

Experiences repeated sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person

Question 34

Pedophilic Disorder

Answer 34

Experiences equal or greater sexual arousal from prepubescent (before puberty) or early pubescent children than from physically mature persons
• (This is obviously a form of child abuse)

Question 35

Sexual Sadism Disorder

Answer 35

person (typically male) (may be acted out by dominating, restraining, blindfolding, strangling or even killing the victim)

Question 36

MASOCHISM

Answer 36

MASOCHISM AND SADISM
DSM criteria Sexual Masochism:
A. Over 6 months, recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer, as manifested by
fantasies, urges, or behaviors
B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress
or impairment

Question 37

Aversion Therapy in Philias

Answer 37

(similar to what was discussed in sub use disorder chapter) an electric shock or other negative consequence is administered while the person imagines their object of desire

Question 38

Masturbatory satiation therapy

Answer 38

Masturbatory satiation: (point here is to link boredom with the fantasy)client instructed to masturbate to orgasm while fantasizing about a sexually appropriate object, then switches to fantasize in detail about fetishistic object while masturbating again and continues the fetishistic fantasy for an hour. The idea is that boredom will result and boredom will then become linked with the fetishistic object

Question 39

Orgasmic Reorientation

Answer 39

.Orgasmic reorientation: teaches individuals to respond to more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation. For example, person with a shoe fetish is allowed to be initially aroused by shoes, but is then instructed to masturbate to a picture of a nude woman. Sexual pleasure and orgasm is eventually associated with the conventional object rather than the fetishistic one

Question 40

Schizophrenia

Answer 40

a type of psychosis/psychotic disorder in
which personal, social, occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of strange perceptions, unusual emotions, and motor abnormalities

Question 41

institutionalization

Answer 41

Bad, locked them up in rooms
Many patients not only failed to improve under these
conditions but developed additional symptoms, apparently as a result of the institutionalization itself

Question 42

Medication and Schizophrenia

Answer 42

drugs appear to be more effective than (anti Psychotic)

any other approach (such as therapy or ECT) used alone

Question 43

Community Approach

Answer 43

The community approach is the broadest approach for
the treatment of schizophrenia
Ipatients should be able to receive care within
their own communities
This Act led to massive deinstitutionalization of patients with
schizophrenia

Question 44

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 44

O Positive symptoms include:
A. Delusions –false beliefs/faulty interpretations of reality
O Delusions may have a variety of bizarre
content: being controlled by others; persecution; grandeur
B. Hallucinations – sensory perceptions that
occur in the absence of external stimuli
Hallucinations can involve any of the other senses:
tactile, visual, gustatory (taste), or olfactory (smell)

Question 45

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 45

O Negative symptoms include:

A. Poverty of speech–alogia
O Talking less or reduction in speech content O Long lapses before responding to questions, or
failure to answer
B. Blunted and flat affect – show _____ ______than most people

Examples of negative symptoms
C. Avoilition: Loss of _________ and goal-directed activity
D. Social withdrawal
O May withdraw from social environment and
attend only to their own ideas and _________
O Seems to lead to a breakdown of social skills

Question 46

Biological View of Schizophrenia

Answer 46

Biological Views
O Genetic factors
O Genetic factors may lead to the development
of schizophrenia through two kinds of
(potentially inherited) biological abnormalities:
1. Biochemical abnormalities 2. Abnormal brain structure

Question 47

Social View of developing Schizophrenia

Answer 47

O Sociocultural theorists believe
that three main social forces contribute to schizophrenia:
O Multicultural factors O Social labeling O Family dysfunction

Question 48

Social Anxiety Disorder in children

Answer 48

Social anxiety disorder: marked by fears of embarrassing oneself in front of others

Question 49

Separation Anxiety Disorder in children

Answer 49

Marked by excessive anxiety, even panic, whenever the child is separated from home or parent

• These children often refuse to visit friends’ houses, go on errands, or attend camp or school
• Refusal to go to school is due to anxiety about being away from parents and home, not because of social or academic fears (this would be considered a school phobia)
• Some have temper tantrums to keep parents from leaving them

Question 50

Play Therapy

Answer 50

An approach to treating childhood disorders that helps children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, playing with
toys, and making up stories

Question 51

Major Depressive Disorder in children

Answer 51

Depression in the young may be triggered by negative life events (particularly losses), major changes, rejection, or ongoing abuse
Several factors have been suggested, including hormonal changes and increased emotional investment in social and
intimate relationships
Another factor that has received attention is teenage girls’ growing dissatisfaction with their bodies

Question 52

Treating Major Depressive Disorder in children

Answer 52

Combo of antidepressants and CBT most helpful for teens

Antidepressants alone next best CBT alone hardly more helpful than placebo

Question 53

Mood disorders & Bi polar in children

Answer 53

CHILDHOOD MOOD DISORDERS
Bipolar Disorder
The DSM-5 task force concluded that the label had been overapplied and to help rectify the problem created a new diagnosis known as “disruptive mood dysregulation disorder”
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood
Severe patterns of rage Outbursts must occur 3 or more times per week for at least one year

Question 54

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 54

Oppositional defiant disorder: a childhood disorder in which children argue repeatedly with adults, are defiant, angry and irritable, and in some cases, vindictive
Ignore rules
They may try to annoy people, and blame others for their mistakes and problems

Question 55

Conduct Disorder in children

Answer 55

Conduct disorder: childhood disorder in which a child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others, displaying aggression and sometimes destroying others’ property, stealing or running away from home
Many steal from, threaten, or harm their victims, committing such crimes as shoplifting, vandalism, mugging, and armed robbery
A more severe problem than ODD

Question 56

How to treat Conduct disorder

Answer 56

Family therapy

Question 57

Elimination Disorder

Answer 57

Children with elimination disorders repeatedly urinate or pass feces in their clothes, in bed, or on the floor

ENURESIS: bed wetting

the other one is pooping

Question 58

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Answer 58

Children with this disorder:
• are extremely unresponsive to others (lack of eye contact). This is considered the central feature of autism
•Uncommunicative (half never speak) •May have speech impairments. E.g. “echolalia”
•Highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
•This can include motor movements such as self-stimulatory
behaviors (vibrating lips, touching certain things)

Question 59

how to treat autism

Answer 59

Behavioral approaches have been used in cases of autism to teach new, appropriate behaviors – including speech, social skills, classroom skills, and self-help skills – while reducing negative behaviors