AAs Flashcards
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Led abolitionist movement and president to Freedman’s Savings Banks
Who is Blanche K. Bruce?
First African American senator to serve a whole term in office in 1881-85
Who is Ida B Wells?
Co founded the NAACP and believed in political rights campaigns
who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
Establishes NAACP and believed in political rights campaign
Who was Booker T Washington ?
Disagreed with Du Bois. Promoted education and economic advancement to secure rights
Who was A Phillip Randolph?
Led organised labour causes in 1920s to pressure the government
Who was Marcus garvey?
Established black identity and consciousness
Who was Martin Luther King?
Led SCLC, credited with Civil Rights Act
Who is Malcom X
Believed in Separatism.
Who was Jesse Jackson
Ran as presidential candidate in the 1980s. First Black person to get that high up in power. shows change of attitudes.
What president opposed Martin Luther King day?
Reagan
Who was the KKK?
White Supremacist group which was set up in 1867, led lynching campaigns. Resurges in 1920 and the 1950s
What is the NAACP?
National Association for Advancement of Colored People set up in 1909. Focused of LEGAL challenges
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau
Organisation to support ex-slaves
What is the Tuskegee institute ?
Set up by Booker T in 1881 to train teachers and promote education improvements
What is the UNIA?
Universal Negro Improvement Association founded by Garvey in 1914, first large organisation
What is the SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Founded in 1957. Led by Martin Luther King
What is CORE
Congress of Racial Equality founded in 1942. Introduced freedom rides and challenged segregation
What is the SNCC?
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee - established 1962
What is the Nation of Islam?
Founded in 1930. Malcolm X worked with them to promote African heritage in the 1950s/60s
What is the Black Panthers?
Founded in 1966 by Heuy Newton and Bobby Seal. Called for armed resistance and hostility to whites
When was the 13th Amendment and what did it do?
- Formally freed the slaves
When was the 14th Amendment and what did it do?
African Americans given citizenship. 1868
When was the 15th Amendment and what did it do?
Given the vote to African Americans, 1870
What did the 13, 14 and 15th amendments do between 1865-1870?
Formally freed the slaves,African Americans given citizenship, and Given the vote to African Americans,
When did Brown Vs Board overturn Plessy V Ferguson?
1954
What is Plessy V Ferguson and what year was it established?
Separate but Equal.
1896
When was MLK day introduced?
1983
What was Jim Crow Laws?
Segregation laws, designed to keep black and white people separate, as they (plessy v ferguson) separate but equal
When was the murder of Emmett Till?
1955
Why was the murder of Emmett Till so significant?
It bought huge media attention. The brutality of his murder and the fact that his killers were acquitted drew attention to the long history of violent persecution of African Americans in the United States. Till posthumously became an icon of the Civil Rights Movement.
What way did African Americans migrate?
North
Why did AAs head North?
They moved for better opportunities, they could farm which their were opportunities for and their was jobs which would let them provide for their families. BETTER WAGES
why was the North better for AA’s (racially)
Lynching publicly condemned, segregation encouraged black culture aka jazz club. Blacks with voting rights could become jurors making them sometimes more fair
What was the aim of the New Deal?
To relieve human suffering and promote economic recovery after the WSC
FDR equality quote
‘we are going to make a country where no one is left out’
FDR= Good man
What had been the impact of Hitler onto American?
Americans didn’t want to end up like Germany where the segregation laws had often mirrored that of the segregation of Jews.
How much did Truman help AA 1945-53?
‘one man is as good as another as long as he is honest and decent and not a nigger or a chinaman’ - but once in office he did more for AA than any other presidents
During WW2, what had NAACP membership grew from, to…
50,000 - 450,000
WW2 led to ..
jobs and opportunities for AAs
