Aaron paul spiteri Flashcards
Individual differences is
defined as enduring, typical characteristics or dispositions of individuals.
which approach is most common in ID
The psychometric approach is most frequently used in the study of individual differences.
However, many in the field such as Caprara and Cervone (2000)
argue that the focus on developing lists of traits or taxonomies is limited because it tends to focus on descriptions of the nature and structure of individual differences.
what will jobs measure you on
Think about your own experiences and how your performance on tests (personality and intellectual ability) have and will be used to assess your suitability for a job or place on a well paid graduate training scheme. Test scores are used to make high stakes decisions about individuals.
psychometric principle
So remember that an important psychometric principle relates to scaling and this states that complex psychological phenomena can be transformed into quantities or numerical data that represent real differences in complex psychological qualities
Main type of measurement is used in ID
So remember that the main types of measurement used in individual differences psychology are self-report data, observational data, life data and test data.
heaviest report measure
However, Individual differences psychology relies heavily on self-report data.
So remember that the type of reliability used to measure the relationship between the individual’s test score and their true score is
the alpha coefficient
However, it is also important to remember that the psychometric approach to measurement states that actual measures or scores consist of two types of error
namely random error plus systematic error
It is also important to remember that psychometric tests consist of multiple items and your ‘score’ is calculated by adding up your scores on a number of items (and then sometimes calculating an average score).
We call your final single score aggregate individual data
Allport (1927)
conceptualises personality traits as fundamental dispositions that are independent of and not influenced by other variables
Research on individual differences that focuses on describing the discrete personality traits often concentrates on
developing taxonomies that list personality traits
Trait approaches to personality often use
statistical models and the lexical hypothesis to develop their theories
So, Eysenck’s tripartite model of personality consists of psychoticism;
extraversion; neuroticism that are described as superfactors
So, remember that the NEO-PI-R is
a measure of the five factor personality traits