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ECNU - CCE Examination > AACE Glossary > Flashcards

AACE Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Acoustic Power with units

A

Quantity if energy generated by the transducer, in watts

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2
Q

Acoustic scattering

A

Reflections from small objects size of wavelength or smaller

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3
Q

Acoustic Shadow

A

Loss of echo signals from distal structures due to attenuation of overlying structures.

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4
Q

Acoustic velocity

A

The speed of sound through a medium as determined by the stiffness and density of the medium.

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5
Q

Aliasing

A

Technical artifact occurring when the frequency change is so large it exceeds the sampling view and pulse repetition frequency. The frequency display wraps around so that the signal is seen at both the top and bottom of the image.

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6
Q

Amplitude with units

A

Strength or height of wave, measured in decibels.

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7
Q

Amplitude mode (A-mode)

A

One- dimensional image displaying amplitude of returning echo signals on vertical axis and time (distance from transducer) on horizontal axis.

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8
Q

Anechoic

A

No echoes.

Eg. Cysts, gall-bladder etc

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9
Q

Attenuation

A

Reduction in intensity and amplitude with increasing distance traveled due to scatter, reflection and absorption.

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10
Q

Axial resolution

A

Depth resolution; ability to separate two objects lying in tandem along axis of beam.

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11
Q

Azimuthal

A

The dimension perpendicular to the image slice, the thickness of the slice of anatomy.

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12
Q

Bandwidth

A

The frequency range represented in a pulse from the transducer.

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13
Q

B-scan

A

Two-dimensional cross sectional image displayed on a screen in which brightness of echoes and their position on the screen are determined by the movement of a transducer and the time it takes the echoes to return to the transducer.

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14
Q

Cineloop

A

System memory stores most recent sequence of images in a series of frames before the freeze button is pressed allowing a continuous loop if images to be reviewed.

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15
Q

Color flow Doppler

A

Operating mode - two-dimensional image generated that portrays moving reflectors in color simultaneously with B-mode images.

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16
Q

Complex

A

Heterogenous structure which may have both cystic and solid components.

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17
Q

Compression

A

Regions of high pressure and density as sound travels through a medium.

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18
Q

Crystal

A

The active transducer component that actually generates and receives ultrasonic energy by converting electrical impulses into sound waves and vice versa.

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19
Q

Cystic

A

Sac or pouch with definite wall containing fluid or semi-solid material.

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20
Q

Decibel (db)

A

Unit for intensity of sound waves

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21
Q

Density

A

Concentration of matter (mass per unit volume)

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22
Q

Doppler shift

A

Perceived frequency change that occurs dependent upon whether the source and listener are moving towards or away from each other.

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23
Q

Dynamic range

A

Range of intensity from the largest to smallest echo that the system can display (log compression).

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24
Q

Echo

A

Reflected sound

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25
Q

Echogenic

A

Capable of producing echoes

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26
Q

Echopenic

A

Few echoes within a structure; less Echogenic

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27
Q

Echolucent

A

Without internal echoes; anechoic

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28
Q

Edge enhancement

A

Electric post-processing function which makes contours of structures within the image more distinct and clear.

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29
Q

Electronic focusing

A

Each crystal element within a group is pulsed separately to focus the beam at a particular area of interest.

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30
Q

Enhancement

A

Structures distant to cystic lesion appear to have more echoes because sound is barely attenuated through fluid-filled structure.

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31
Q

Far gain

A

Control affecting strength of distant echoes in the image

32
Q

Focal zone

A

Depth of sound beam where resolution is highest.

33
Q

Focusing

A

The act of narrowing the beam to a small width at a set depth.

34
Q

Footprint

A

Shape of the transducer that is in contact with the patient.

35
Q

Frame rate

A

Rate at which the image is refreshed in a real-time system display.

36
Q

Frequency

A

Number of times in a given interval a particles action occurs.

37
Q

Gain

A

Regulates the brightness of returning echoes to compensate for loss of transmitted sound caused by absorption and reflection.

38
Q

Gray scale

A

Display mode in which echo intensity is recorded as degrees of brightness or shades of grey.

39
Q

Hertz

A

Unit for wave frequency (cycles per second); pulse repetition frequency (pulses per second); frame rate (frames per second)

40
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Uneven echo pattern or reflection of varying echo densities

41
Q

Homogenous

A

Even echo pattern or reflections that are relative and uniform in composition.

42
Q

Hyperechoic

A

Structure produces stronger echo than surrounding structures

43
Q

Hypoechoic

A

Structures with weaker echoes than surrounding tissues

44
Q

Interface

A

Surface forming the boundary between media having different properties

45
Q

Isoechoic

A

Structure that produces echo of same strength as surrounding structures.

46
Q

Kilohertz

A

1000 hertz

47
Q

Lateral resolution

A

Ability to separate two objects that are positioned perpendicular to the axis of the ultrasound beam.

48
Q

Linear array

A

Many small electronically coordinated transducers producing a rectangular image.

49
Q

Megahertz

A

1,000,000 hertz

50
Q

Near gain

A

The application of echoes returning from the near field.

51
Q

Noise

A

Artificial echoes resulting from too much gain rather than echoes from true anatomic structures.

52
Q

Overall gain control

A

Single gain control that increases amplification at all depths.

53
Q

Phased array

A

Electronically steered system where many small transducers are electronically coordinated to produce a focus wave front.

54
Q

Piezoelectric effect

A

Electric current created by pressure forces. Certain ceramic materials can convert pressure to electricity.

55
Q

Persistence

A

The accumulation of echo information over a specified period of time.

56
Q

Power Doppler

A

The presentation of two-dimensional Doppler information by color-encoding the strength of the Doppler shifts. Power Doppler is free of aliasing and angle dependence and is more sensitive to slow flow and flow in small or deep vessels.

57
Q

Pulse-echo Principal

A

Sending pulses of ultrasound into the body so that they react with tissue and return reflections.

58
Q

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

A

The number of times per second that a transmit-receive cycle occurs.

59
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another

60
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish between two adjacent structures (interfaces)

61
Q

Reverberation

A

The phenomenon of multiple back-and-forth reflections created by two strong reflectors that causes the echoes to be misplaced in the display thereby representing a false image

62
Q

Scattering

A

Redirection of ultrasound from a reflector which is small compared to the wave length of the beam. Occurs with rough surfaces or heterogeneous areas.

63
Q

Shadowing

A

Failure of sound beam to pass through an object

64
Q

Slice thickness

A

Elevational resolution.

The size of the beam perpendicular to the image plane.

65
Q

Sonodense

A

Structure that transmits sound poorly

66
Q

Spatial resolution

A

How closely positioned two reflectors can be to one another and still be identified as separate reflectors on an image display.

67
Q

Speckle

A

Interference effects of the scattered sound from the distribution of scatterers in the tissue that is not related to the scattering properties of tissue. Produces granular appearance.

68
Q

Specular reflectors

A

Reflection from smooth surfaces compared to the wavelength of sound thereby creating a bright echo on the monitor.

69
Q

Stiffness

A

Resistance of a material to compression

70
Q

Temporal resolution

A

The ability of a display to distinguish closely spaced events in time and to present rapidly moving structures correctly.
Improves with frame rate.

71
Q

Texture

A

The echo pattern of an organ

72
Q

Time gain compensation or depth gain compensation

A

Control that compensates for the loss (attenuation) of the sound beam as it passes through tissue.

73
Q

Transducer

A

An electromechanical device - coverts electrical every to mechanical energy and vice versa.

74
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance wave travels in a second

75
Q

What happens to wavelength if frequency increases?

A

Becomes smaller

76
Q

Acoustic impedance

A

Density x velocity of sound in a particular material

Amount of reflection of sound beam depends of differences in the impedances if two tissues

ECNU - CCE Examination (13 decks)

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