AAB Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards
Give the formula for weight (in grams) of substance in a given quantity of solution (e.g. the weight of NaCl in 650mL of 0.85% solution).
(total mL / 100mL) * (% concentration)
For the example: 5.53g NaCl
Which of the following assays is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of Activated Protein C resistance?
Factor V Leiden Mutation Assay
Antithrombin Activity Assay
Antithrombin Antigen Assay
Anticardiolipin Antibody Immunoassay
*Factor V Leiden Mutation Assay
Many laboratories use the Factor V Leiden Mutation assay to confirm the diagnosis of Activated __ __ resistance.
Protein C
The Factor V Leiden Mutation assay is a molecular assay used to determine all of the following EXCEPT:
A. zygosity
B. predict the risk of clotting
C. antithrombin activity
D. Form a treatment plan for Activated Protein C resistance.
C. antithrombin activity
T or F: The antithrombin activity assay and the antithrombin antigen assay are both used to assess antithrombin levels and activity.
True
The anticardiolipin antibody immunoassay is useful in the detection and diagnosis of __ syndromes.
antiphospholipid
Increased concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in adults are most characteristically associated with:
A. Hepatocellular carcinoma
B. Alcoholic cirrhosis
C. Both A & B
D. Multiple myeloma
A. Hepatocellular carcinoma
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the __ proteins which are produced in high concentration during fetal life. AFP is produced by the fetal __ __ and __. Oncofetal proteins usually disappear or are reduced to very low concentrations after __.
oncofetal
yolk sac; liver
birth
Mucopolysaccharidosis is a group of inherited enzyme deficiency disorders that lead to which of the following WBC inclusion bodies:
A. Toxic granulation
B. Dole bodies
C. Alder-Reilly bodies
D. May Hegglin
C. Alder-Reilly bodies
Alder-Reilly bodies may resemble heavy toxic granulation, but they can appear on lymps and monos, not just neutrophils.
Dole bodies are a gray-blue neutrophil cytoplasmic inclusion composed of:
A. dsDNA
B. rRNA
C. mRNA
D. ssDNA
B. rRNA (ribosomal)
The presence of Dole bodies can be due to many factors EXCEPT:
A. birth control
B. bacterial infection / sepsis
C. physical stressors
D. pregnancy
A. birth control
What is the BEST type of microscopy for performing manual platelet counts?
A. Electron
B. Dark-field
C. Light
D. Phase contrast
D. Phase contrast
(can help to better define the outline of the platelets over regular light microscopy, making them easier to count)
Dark-field microscopy has the light source blocked, causing light to scatter as it hits the specimen. Therefore, it is often used for __ elements and allows illumination of the specimen against a dark background.
refractive
Tumor markers are especially valuable when used to:
A. Rule out cancer
B. Screen the general population for cancer
C. Monitor response to cancer therapy
D. Both A & C
C. Monitor response to cancer therapy
What is the purpose of using alcohol in the Gram stain procedure?
A. Fix all Gram-positive organisms
B. Decolorize all Gram-positive organisms
C. Decolorize all Gram-negative organisms
D. Fix all Gram-negative organisms
C. Decolorize all Gram-negative organisms
Gram-__ organisms have a thick peptidoglycan layer and therefore will trap the crystal violet/iodine mordent complex and will not decolorize.
Gram-__ organisms have a have a single peptidoglycan layer and an outer lipid layer and therefore will decolorize.
positive
negative
Which of the following tests is the BEST screening test for neural tube defects?
A. Placental lactogen
B. Bilirubin
C. Estriol
D. Alpha-fetoprotein
D. Alpha-fetoprotein
Alpha-fetoprotein is produced by the fetal __.
It is measured in pregnant women using:
A. maternal blood
B. Fetal blood
C. amniotic fluid
D. Both A and C
liver
D. Both A and C
Abnormally high levels of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the developing fetus is associated with:
A. neural tube
B. liver defects
Abnormally low levels are associated with:
C. Down’ syndrome
D. megalencephaly
A. neural tube
D. megalencephaly
All of the following organisms have been linked to causing endocarditis EXCEPT?
A. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
B. Cardiobacterium hominis
C. Eikenella corrodens
D. Hemophilus influenzae
D. Hemophilus influenzae
Organisms that are members of the HACEK [Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae] group have been linked to causing:
A. pneumonia
B. endocarditis
All of the HACEK organisms are considered fastidious organisms and grow best on:
A. chocolate agar incubated in an increased CO2 environment
B. MacConkey agar incubated at 40-42℃
B. endocarditis
A. chocolate agar incubated in an increased CO2 environment
What section of an immunoglobulin molecule is responsible for the differences between immunoglobulin classes?
A. FC
B. Fab
C. Heavy chains
D. Light chains
C. Heavy chains
Antibodies are differentiated based on their __ chains; different heavy chains create different __.
heavy;
isotypes
The Fc portion has a…
A. constant
b. variable
…amino acid sequence that defines the class and subclass of each antibody.
A. constant
Depending on the class of antibody, some of the functional activities of the Fc portion of antibodies include:
A. activating the complement pathway
B. binding to natural killer cells
C. class differentiation only
D. Both A & B
D. Both A & B
The __ section of an immunoglobulin molecule is the antigen-specific region.
A. Fc
B. Light chains
C. Fab
D. Heavy chains
C. Fab
The Fab portion of immunoglobulin consists of the following EXCEPT:
A. Two light chains; portions of two heavy chains; and a variable region.
B. Two light chains and a variable region.
C. Two light chains (kappa and lambda), a variable region, and two free light chains (FLC) that has two antigen-combining sites at the N-terminal ends
A. Two light chains; portions of two heavy chains; and a variable region.
True or false: Free light chains (FLCs) are incorporated into immunoglobulin molecules during T-lymphocyte development and expressed initially on the surface of immature T lymphocytes.
False:
Free light chains (FLCs)are incorporated into immunoglobulin molecules during B-lymphocyte development and expressed initially on the surface of immature B lymphocytes.
What is the formula to calculate budget?
% Over Budget = ((Actual Expenses - Budgeted Amount)/Budgeted Amount) × 100
What is the maximum number of white blood cells that may be present in 95% apheresis platelet units that have been leukocyte-reduced?
A. 1.0 × 10^10
B. 3.0 × 10^11
C. 5.0 × 10^6
D. 5.5 x 10^10
C. 5.0 × 10^6
A unit of apheresis platelets must contain at least __ x 10^__ or more platelets in 90% of the units tested.
A. 1.0 × 10^10
B. 3.0 × 10^11
C. 5.0 × 10^6
D. 5.5 x 10^10
B. 3.0 × 10^11
A unit of platelets must contain at least __ x 10^__ platelets or more in 90% of the units tested.
A. 1.0 × 10^10
B. 3.0 × 10^11
C. 5.0 × 10^6
D. 5.5 x 10^10
D. 5.5 x 10^10
