AAAS Final Flashcards
When did racial slavery take root?
1640-John Punch
Makes slavery inheritable by the mother
Bacon’s Rebellion
1676 Nathaniel Bacon and group of others go to take land they were promised. They attack the colonies and the militia puts down the rebellion. It sharpened the distinction between slave and servant, and demonstrated the dangers of importing white male indentured servants.
Development of Slavery in the Chesapeake
Chesapeake initially relied heavily on indentured servitude. After 1640 racial slavery began to take root. Slavery presented economic advantages. 1680-1750 population goes from 7% to 44%. Tobacco was the staple crop,
Slavery in the Carolinas
Rice was the staple crop and the Carolinas were created knowing they would use slave labor. Laborers worked under a task system. Barbadian slave code discouraged runaways.
Slavery in New England
No staple crop because land wasn’t fertile for growing.Slavery grew modestly there and remained a secondary market.
Slavery in the Middle Atlantic
Settle pioneered by the Dutch (New Netherland); seized by England and becomes New York. Half-Freedom existed here.
Stono Rebellion
September 9, 1739 slaves gather at Stono River in South Carolina to revolt; 20 whites killed/40 blacks killed. As a result the 1740 Negro Act was passed and black freedoms became less and less.
1619-1640
1676
1740-1790
Charter Generation
Plantation Generation
Move from Africans to African Americans
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
Issued in 1775 Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation was used to get slaves to join the loyalist (British) side of the Revolution by promising freedom to those who would join. The petition was reworded to take all Negroes, Indentured servants, and slaves who belonged to rebels for fear of alienating loyalists.
Great Awakening
Began in New England in the mid 1730a and spread south during the Revolutionary Era. It was a movement that attracted many slaves because of the emotional sermons about freedom in God. It fostered the education, conversion and eventual manumission of slaves.
Isabella Baumfree
aka Sojourner Truth sued for her freedom and later won her son’s freedom through
Gabriel’s Rebellion
1800 led a plot to overturn slavery in Richmond, VA. He was inspired by the Haitian Revolution, he formed a group of a possible 1000 conspirators. His plot collapsed when 2 slaves told his plan to slaveholders. Word of the rebellion inspired fear in whites.
Post-Revolutionary slavery
Slavery became even more entrenched after the Revolutionary War. The growth of plantation agriculture and cotton gave rise to more economic advantages in the South.
Paul Cuffee
1815 takes 38 blacks to Sierra Leone to colonize. It fails. This was the beginning of colonization becoming a major white led initiative. ACS becomes involved and many whites were trying to rid the country of blacks (esp. free blacks) who they thought were a bad influence on slaves.
Missouri Compromise
1820- debate over admitting Missouri as a free or slave state. It added the free state of Maine and the slave state of Missouri. Outlawed slavery North of 36,30 and shored up slavery in the South. Invalidates the Northwest Ordinance.
Slave trade between 1820-1860
It was a domestic slave trade in which slaves from the Upper south region were moved to the Lower South
Denmark Vesey
Denmark Vesey was a preacher who began planning a plot to rebel in 1820 in Charleston. He spent a year recruiting members for the rebellion but less than a month before the revolt 2 individuals sold him out. He was hanged on July 2, 1822. In its aftermath, Charleston slave owners moved fast to restrict the autonomy of the slaves.
David Walker
a militant black abolitionist who moved to Boston and detested the ACS. He sheltered slaves, was a contributor to the 1st black newspaper (Freedom’s Journal) and published a manifesto (Walker’s Appeal) in 1829. He advocated slave violence and emancipation rather than colonization. He was found dead in his doorway in June 1830
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Nat Turner was a slave preacher who on August 31, 1831 led a bloody rebellion in Southampton County, VA. Him and a band of other blacks killed 60 whites in their homes while sleeping, sparing no one. It terrified whites across the South. VA slave codes barred free blacks from preaching or attending religious meetings. Colonization was revisited.
Gag Rule
issued in 1835 it prohibited Congress from talking about or discussing slave petitions in Congress or almost a decade
The Amistad Case
1839 group of enslaved blacks seize control of the Amistad and kill all on board except the captain. The captain takes them to North America were the enslaved individuals gain their freedom. Spain demanded them back but it violated the international slave trade laws.
Richard Allen
Bethel AME pastor
friend of Absalom Jones
Absalom Jones
African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas pastor
mutual aid societies
helped educate blacks and find employment
Henry Highland Garnet
Advocate of slave resistance and violence. Gave an address to slaves to uprise in 1843
Kansas Nebraska Act
People who settled those areas would use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery. the result was a series of violent confrontations between pro and anti slavery settlers
Bleeding Kansas
May 1856 proslavery Missourians attack Lawrence. John Brown kills 5 at Pottawatomie Creek
Dred Scott v. Sandford
1846 Dred Scott and his wife sue for their freedom because they had lived with their master in Wisconsin Territory where slavery was outlawed before he moved them to the slave state of Missouri.
He was not entitled to sue because he was not a citizen and had not rights of which the white man was bound to respect
Compromise of 1850
Abolished slave trade in D.C., southerners prevented the abolition of slavery there. California is free state but New Mexico and Utah would be popular sovereignty
Fugitive slave Act of 1850
made it easier for fugitive slaves to be captured and returned to their owners by strengthening federal authority over the capture and return of runaway slaves.
Personal Liberty Laws: forbid the capture and return of fugitives
Wilmot Proviso
1846 neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in ay part of any territory gained from the Mexican American War. He wanted to keep slavery out of the territories so that free white labor could thrive
When did South Carolina secede from the Union?
December 20, 1860 before Lincoln was even sworn in as president
they left because they didn’t get their way with slavery
What states made up the confederacy?
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, South Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia
When did the civil war begin
April of 1861 Fort Sumter
What were the border states and how did they somewhat dictate Lincoln’s moves in the war
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri (all slave states)
Lincoln did not want to alienate the border states by making the civil war a war about slavery because their loyalty was critical esp. Maryland to hold D.C.
Union policy on black soldiers
Initially military service by all blacks whether free or slave was rejected for fear of slave insurrection and notions of white supremacy
First Confiscation Act
passed by Congress in August 1861, it authorized the confiscation of slaves as Confederate property
James Fremont
Union general and abolitionist who ordered the freeing of slaves of all rebels in Missouri; voided by Lincoln for fear of losing loyalty from the border states
Port Royal Experiment
former slaves were designated contraband and began working on abandoned cotton plantation under union officials; received wages, organized time/labor, sold crops
Second Confiscation Act
July 17, 1862 declared freedom for all slaves employed in the rebellion and for refugee slaves able to make it to Union controlled territory; slavery in border states was protected
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
September 22, 1862 Lincoln says Confederates have until January 1, 1863 to give up and cease rebellion or all their slaves would be free; they didn’t
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863 freed slaves in rebel areas; didn’t actually free anyone but it did make emancipation a central war aim for Union victory
U.S. Colored Troops
Bureau created in May 1863 to oversee the new troops
In the North recruitment was slow at first, but once Douglass and Garnet linked service to citizenship ultimately 179,000 blacks signed up for the U.S. Colored Troops; black service reinforced American society hierarchy
Fort Pillow Tennessee
Confederates kill black POWs on April 12, 1864
Major battles for black Troops
Milliken’s Bend
Fort Wagner
Special Field Order 15
January 16, 1865 General German issued this order to grant confiscated and abandoned land from Confederate territory to former slaves, each head of household could receive up to 40 acres
Freedmen’s Bureau
a special government agency established to help freed slaves with their transition from slavery to freedom helping them with food, clothes, shelter, etc. It also set up courts to protect civil rights, set up schools, and settled disputes
13th amendment
amendment added to the constitution in February of 1865 to forbid slavery anywhere in the United States forever
