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1
Q

Skeletal System Functions

A
  1. Support
    2.Protect
    3.Movement
    4.Storage
  2. Blood cell production
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2
Q

Always contains collagen,gorund substance,and other organic molecules as well as water and minerals

A

THE MATRIX

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3
Q

Cartilage, tendons and ligaments of the skeletal system are

A

ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUES

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4
Q

tough ropelike protein

A

collagen

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5
Q

are large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling core proteins

A

PROTEOGLYCANS

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6
Q

form large aggregates and attract water

A

Proteoglycans

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7
Q

The extracellular matrix of cartilage contains

A

collagen and proteoglycans

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8
Q

It makes the cartilage tough

A

Collagen

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9
Q

It makes the cartilage smooth and resilient

A

water-filled proteoglycans

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10
Q

It is rigid but it springs back to its original shape after being bent or slightly compressed

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

It is an excellent shock absorber

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

lend flexible strength to the bone

A

Ropelike collagen

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13
Q

The extracellular matrix of it contains collagen and minerals, including calcium and phosphate

A

BONE

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14
Q

It gives bone compression(weight bearing) strength

A

THE MINERAL COMPONENT

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15
Q

Mostly in a form of calcium phosphate crystals called hydroxyapatite

A

Mineral in bone

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16
Q

Calcium phosphate crystals are also called

A

hydroxyapatie

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17
Q

4 bone shape classification

A

long
short
flat
irregular

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18
Q

are longer than they are wide ; examples are upper and lower limb bones

A

LONG BONES

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19
Q

are approximately as wide as they are long ; examples are the bones of the wrist and ankle.

A

SHORT BONES

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20
Q

have a relatively thin, flattened shape ; examples are bones of the skull and sternum

A

FLAT BONES

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21
Q

include the vertebrae and facial bones, which have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories

A

IRREGULAR BONES

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22
Q

contains cavities such as the large medullary cavity in the diaphysis as well as smaller cavities in the epiphyses of long bones and in the interior of other bones

A

BONES

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23
Q

These spaces are filled with soft tissues called

A

MARROW

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24
Q

the location of blood forming cells

A

Red Marrow

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25
Q

It is mostly fat

A

Yellow marrow

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26
Q

In newborns most bones have blood making __________

A

Red bone marrow

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27
Q

In adults red marrow in the diaphysis is replaced by _________

A

Yellow bone marrow

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28
Q

In adults, it is mostly in the flat bones and the long bones of the femur and humerus

A

Red bone marrow

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29
Q

It is located at the epiphyses of long bones and center of other bones

A

Spongy Bone

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30
Q

It has trabeculae which are interconnecting rods and spaces that contain marrow

A

Spongy bone

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31
Q

Spongy bone has no _______

A

Osteons.

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32
Q

responsible for the formation of bone and the repair and remodeling of the bone

A

Osteoblasts

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33
Q

cells that maintain bone matrix and form from osteoblasts after bone matrix has surrounded it

A

Osteocytes

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34
Q

contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone called bone reabsorption

A

Osteoclasts

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35
Q

is the formation of bone by osteoblasts

A

Ossification

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36
Q

Bone formation that occurs withing connective tissues membranes are called

A

Endochondral ossification

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37
Q

Both types of bone formation result in ————-

A

compact and spongy bone

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38
Q

occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone within connective tissues

A

Intramembranous ossification

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39
Q

It occurs primarily in the bones of the skull

A

Intramembranous ossification

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40
Q

Osteoblasts line up on the surface of connective tissue fibers and begin depositing bone matrix to form trabeculate

A

Intramembranous ossification

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41
Q

constantly remodeled and they may enlarge or be replaced by compact bone

A

Trabeculae

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42
Q

is bone formation within a cartilage model

A

Endochondral bone formation

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43
Q

The cartilage model is replaced by

A

bone

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44
Q

which is bone formation in the diaphysis of a long bone

A

Primary ossification center

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45
Q

bone formation in the epiphysis

A

Secondary ossification center

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46
Q

forms which is a fibrous network between 2 fragment

A

Callus

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47
Q

It causes bleeding and a blood clot forms

A

Broken Bone

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48
Q

Cartilage model forms first then, osteoblasts
enter the callus and form cancellous bone
this continues for

A

4-6 weeks after injury

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49
Q

slowly remodeled to form compact and cancellous bone

A

cancellous bone

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50
Q

Anatomical term

Foramen

example foramen magnum

A

Hole

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51
Q

Anatomical Term

Fossa

example glenoid fossa

A

Depression

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52
Q

Anatomical term

Process

example mastoid process

A

Projection

53
Q

Anatomical Term

Condyle

example occipital condyle

A

Smooth , rounded end

54
Q

Anatomical Term

Meatus

example external auditory meatus

A

canal like passageway

55
Q

Anatomical Term

Tubercle

example greater tubercle

A

lump of bone

56
Q

It is composed of the skulls , the vertebral column and the thoracic cage

A

Axial Skeleton

57
Q

Has 22 bones divided into those of the braincase and those of the face

58
Q

encloses the cranial cavity consists of 8 bones that immediately surround and protect the brain

59
Q

has 14 facial bones

A

Bony Structure

60
Q

rather solidly connected to form the bulk of the face

A

Thirteen of the facial bones

61
Q

forms a freely movable joint with the rest of the skull

62
Q

Anterior part of cranium

A

Frontal Bone

63
Q

sides and roof of cranium

A

Parietal bones

64
Q

posterior portion and floor of cranium

A

Occipital bones

65
Q

inferior to parietal bones on each side of the cranium

temporomandibular joint

A

Temporal Bones

66
Q

forms part of cranium floor , lateral posterior portions of eye orbit, lateral portions of cranium anterior to temporal bones

Sella turcica

A

Sphenoid bone

67
Q

anterior portion of cranium, including medial surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal cavity

nasal conchae

A

Ethmoid bone

68
Q

form upper jaw anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits

69
Q

form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Palatine Bones

70
Q

cheek bones
also form floor and lateral wall of each eye orbot

A

Zygomatic bones

71
Q

Medial surfaces of eye orbits

A

Lacrimal Bones

72
Q

form bridge of nose

A

Nasal Bones

73
Q

In midline of nasal cavity

forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone

74
Q

attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

A

Inferior Nasal conchae

75
Q

Lower jawbone
only movable skull bone

76
Q

is an unpaired, U-shaped bone
that is not part of the skull and has no direct bony
attachment to the skull or any other bones.

A

Hyoid Bone

77
Q

has the unique distinction of
being the only bone in the body that does not
articulate with another bone.

A

hyoid bone

78
Q

provides an attachment for some
tongue muscles, and it is an attachment point for
important neck muscles that elevate the larynx.

A

hyoid bone

79
Q

is the central axis of the
skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly
past the end of the pelvis.

A

Vertebral column or spine

80
Q

in adults it usually consists of 26 individual bones grouped into five regions

81
Q

The adult vertebral column has four major curvatures:

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacrococcygeal.

82
Q

regions curves anteriorly

A

cervical region

83
Q

region curves posteriorly

A

thoracic region

84
Q

region that curves anteriorly

A

lumbar region

85
Q

regions together curve posteriorly

A

Sacral and coccygeal

86
Q
  • 1st vertebra
  • holds head
87
Q

2nd vertebra
* rotates head

88
Q

how many cervical vertebra

89
Q

how many thoracic vertebra

90
Q

how many lumbar vertebra

91
Q

how many sacrum

92
Q

how many coccyx

93
Q

functions of vertebral column

A

Supports body weight

Protects the spinal cord

Allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord

Provides a site for muscle attachment

Provides movement of the head and trunk

94
Q

Sternum

A

breastbone

95
Q

It protects vital organs

A

12 pair of ribs

96
Q

attach directly to sternum by cartilage

97
Q

attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage

A

false ribs

98
Q

not attached to sternum

A

floating ribs

99
Q

2 bones of the pectoral girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

100
Q

scapula is ——

A

shoulder blade

101
Q

clavicle is—

A

collar bone

102
Q

what are the upper limb bones

A

humerus- upper limb
ulna- forearm
radius- forearm
carpals - wrist
metacarpals - hand

103
Q

where lower limbs attach to the body

A

Pelvic Girdle

104
Q

include pelvic girdle and coccyx

105
Q

inferior and posterior region

106
Q

most superior region

107
Q

hip socket (joint)

A

acetabulum

108
Q

Lower limb bones

A

femur- thigh
patella- knee cap
tibia- large lower leg
fibula - small lower leg
tarsals - ankle
metatarsals- foot
phalanges - toes and fingers

109
Q

are where two bones come together

A

articulations (joints)

110
Q

can be classified structurally as fibrous,
cartilaginous, or synovial, according to the major
connective tissue type that binds the bones
together and whether a fluid-filled joint capsule is
present.

111
Q

Joints are also be classified in functional categories
according to their degree of motion as ____

A

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, or diarthroses.

112
Q

Structural Classification of Joints

it is united by fibrous connective tissues

A

FIBROUS JOINT

113
Q

Structural Classification of joint

united by means of cartilage

A

cartilaginous

114
Q

Structural classification of joints

joined by a fluid cavity
most joints of the appendicular skeleton

115
Q

what are the subclasses of fibrous joint

A

sutures
syndesmosis
gomphoses

116
Q

what are the subclasses of cartilaginous

A

synchondroses and symphysis

117
Q

3 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

118
Q
  • non-movable joint
  • Example – skull bone articulations* non-movable joint
A

SYNARTHROSIS

119
Q
  • slightly movable joint
  • Example - between vertebrae
A

AMPHIARTHROSIS

120
Q
  • freely movable joint
  • Example - knee, elbow, and wrist articulations
A

DIARTHROSIS

121
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

bending

122
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

straightening

123
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

movement away from midline

124
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

movement toward the midline

125
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

rotation of the forearm with palms down

126
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

rotation of the forearm with palms up

A

supination

127
Q

TYPES OF MOVEMENT

movement of a structure about the long axis

128
Q

3 EFFECTS OF AGING ON THE SKELETAAL SYSTEM AND JOINTS

A
  1. Decreased Collagen Production
  2. Loss of Bone Density
  3. Degenerative Changes

SKELETAL SYSTEM (1 decks)

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