AA's

Question 1

What was the Emancipation Proclamation and what did it do?

Answer 1

1863 – black people can no longer be owned as property + can leave their masters

Question 2

When was the Thirteenth Amendment and what did it do ?

Answer 2

1865 – established freedom in law + provided freedmen with some basic human rights

Question 3

When was the Fourteenth Amendment and what did it do ?

Answer 3

1868- Citizenship + equal protection by law

Question 4

What did the Civil Rights Act attempt to achieve?

Answer 4

It stated that ‘all races’ were citizens of the United States and enacted in 1866. Not all individuals accepted that they were equal

Question 5

What was the aim of the Freedman Bureau?

Answer 5

Set up in 1865 it was done to support freed slaves in the short term and provide a basis for their long term security. However, it was closed 1972.

Question 6

When was Andrew Johnson president and what were his feelings towards civil rights?

Answer 6

1865-9. All of the significant acts were passed by congress. Johnson said nothing about blacks rights and allowed states to develop black codes.

Question 7

What did the 15th Amendment stop?

Answer 7

Put in place in 1870 it forbade the denial of the vote for any reason irrespective of colour.

Question 8

What was the importance of the Slaughterhouse case?

Answer 8

1873. It ruled the rights of citizens should remain under state, rather than federal, control. Allowed Jim Crow Laws to develop.

Question 9

What did the 1875 Civil Rights Act achieve?

Answer 9

It formalised segregation in public areas (declared unconstitutional 1883)

Question 10

Ulysses Grant, What was he like as a president?

Answer 10

He had financial scandals undermined his authority during his second term.
For civil rights, destroyed KKK.

Question 11

When was the Tuskegee institute founded?

Answer 11

In 1888, by Booker T Washington

Question 12

What was the importance of Plessy VS Ferguson?

Answer 12

1897 – upheld segregation laws under ‘separate but equal’ verdict.

Question 13

How many Blacks were in office in 1870’s

Answer 13

22

Question 14

What was the ruling of the Mississippi VS Williams?

Answer 14

It ruled that the poll tax in Mississippi was constitutional allowing further discrimination. 1898

Question 15

Why was Theodore Roosevelt seen as pro Civil Rights?

Answer 15

Supported the progressive movement but did not really address the question of black civil rights.
Held meetings with Booker T Washington

Question 16

What was the importance of Oscar De Priest?

Answer 16

First Black elected into congress in 1928 since 1900

Question 17

What did the New Deal do for African American?

Answer 17

• They were not covered by the social security act or the national labor relations act
• Did see a raise in wages and cutting of working hours

Question 18

When was Gaines vs Canada?

Answer 18

1938 Gaines v Canada - separate but equal facilities must really be equal

Question 19

What did the President’s Committee on Civil Rights achieve?

Answer 19

1946 – Attempted to pass civil rights but no legislation followed because the president could not persuade congress to pass any

Question 20

Give list of Civil Rights events that happened during Eisenhower presidency?

Answer 20

Little Rock 1957 – sent federal troops to break the protest
Civil Rights Act 1957 – investigation in fields such as voting obstruction
Brown V Board of education 1954 ordered the desegregation of schools
Civil Rights Act 1960 – renewed the civil rights commission, allowed judges to make special appointments of those that would help blacks on to the voting register

Question 21

When was the Civil Rights Act?

Answer 21

Civil Rights Act 1964 – prohibited discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin

Question 22

Give evidence of affirmative action?

Answer 22

1969 Philadelphia plan – contractors set targets for hiring people from minorities
Green v. Connally 1970 – made it clear that federal funds would be withheld from higher education institutions that continued to have a policy of segregation
ROAR campaign – restore our alienated rights a movement set up by white parents in Boston to stop bussing, was backed by Nixon

Question 23

Name a Civil Rights Act which Reagan passed?

Answer 23

Civil Rights Restoration Act - congress overruled Reagans veto, ensured that federal funds going to companies working towards civil rights were really going to companies that would use it for such purposes.