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AA Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Race

A

A social, not biological construct (though influenced by biology, genetics, ancestry) that refers to categories to which people are assigned based on physical color and hair type

  • Black, White (Caucasian), Asian, Hispanic, etc
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2
Q

Culture

A

Constellation of values, customs, and traditions that influences how people interpret and respond to life events

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3
Q

Ethnicity / Ethnic Group Membership

A

Acceptance and internalization of group practices and beliefs

  • African American, European American, Asian American, Latino
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4
Q

Sakhu

A

Spirit / soul; original form illumination or enlightenment of the soul or spirit

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5
Q

African / Black Psychology

A

A system of knowledge (philosophy, definitions, concepts, practice) regarding the native of the social universe from the perspective of the African worldview

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6
Q

African-centered / Africentric / Afrocentric

A

Utilization of the history, culture, and philosophy of African people as a frame of reference for organizing (orienting) one’s approach to reality, survived, and understanding the world

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7
Q

KEMET (KMT) civilization

A

African-Egyptian

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8
Q

Scientific Colonialism

A

A political control of knowledge and info for the purpose of advancing a particular group’s agenda and/or to prevent another group from advancing its own

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9
Q

Cultural Hegemony

A

The process of imposing one’s cultural views on another

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10
Q

What is the norm?

A

The African-centered “norm” is informed by common themes related to:

  • holistic conception
  • collectivism
  • oral tradition
  • time as past and present
  • death as a stage of life
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11
Q

1) the individual (self) is a spiritual being. “Dimensions” or dichotomies are non-existent

A

2) Feelings are necessary, legitimate, speak to vitality (rather than suppression) and help to inform thinking

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12
Q

3) Survival is based on cooperate rather than competitions interactions

A

4) Oral language is valued beyond that which is written and detach (allowing for interconnectedness)

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13
Q

5) Present-orientation focused on events rather than a future orientation

A

6) Harmony and balance rather than control and manipulation of people and the environment

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14
Q

7) Death as another stage of life rather than an absolute end

A

8) Worth determined by contribution to the community rather than material accumulations / possessions

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15
Q

Oneness and harmony with nature / balance

A

AA Worldview

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16
Q

Control and mastery (master of) over nature

A

European / EuroAm Worldview

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17
Q

Collectivism; “I am because we are” “I exist because we exist” - proverb

A

AA Worldview

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18
Q

Competition

A

European Worldview

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19
Q

Survival of the group

A

AA Worldview

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20
Q

Survival of the fittest

A

European Worldview

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21
Q

Spiritualism

A

AA Worldview

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22
Q

Materialism

A

European Worldview

23
Q

Past and Present

A

AA Worldview

24
Q

Future time orientation

A

European Worldview

25
Q

Ma’at

A

Principle of truth, justice, compassion, harmony (in order to have order we need harmony), balance, reciprocity, and order to which all should aspire for order

26
Q

Maafa

A

The enslavement of African people by Europeans, designed to oppress and destroy (culture); African holocaust

27
Q

Sankofa

A

An African Adinkra symbol that means ‘in order to go forward, one must go (look) back’ (go/look back - understand / know history)

28
Q

Can/does an African Worldview exist among contemporary African-Americans?

A
  • yes, despite the diverse people on the African continent
  • enslaved Africans adapted; culture existed, African adapted
  • spirituality remains strong (consisted)
  • “fictive kin” treated as biological relatives; adapting a non-biological relatives as their own
  • centuries of legalized isolation; separated - “keeping culture”
29
Q

Inferiority Model

A

Blacks are intellectually, physically, and mentally inferior to white;

etiology of problem - genetics/heredity;

Relevant hypothesis/theories - genetic inferiority, eugenics

30
Q

Deficit-Dediciency Model

A

Blacks deficient with respect to intelligence, cognitive style, family structure;

Etiology of problem - lack of environmental stimulation; racism and oppressive conditions, individual;

Relevant hypothesis/theories - cultural deprivation, cultural enrichment

31
Q

Multicultural Model

A

All culturally district groups have strengths and limitations;

Etiology of problem - differences viewed as different, lack of skills needed to assimilate

32
Q

The function of Black identity

A
  • identity refers to how one sees him/herself and is interrelated to values and attitudes
  • Identity determines “reference group orientation” or the social group that represents the individual’s self-concept
  • AA identity is believed to be a social anchor that provides a connection to the broader African diaspora which buffers the psyche from non-affirming and dehumanizing messages; Black identity cannot bring them back to a Eurocentric diaspora but rather to the Afrocentric diaspora
33
Q

Deracination

A

The attempt to erase Black consciousness

34
Q

Nigrescence

A

The struggle for Black self-awareness; trying to act a positive imagine/identity; to become black

Goal: the search for an authentic self-image; to have an authentic self

35
Q

Cross’s Model of Nigrescence

A

“Negro-to-Black” conversion experienced by characterized by an individual movement through 5 distinct psychological stages:

  • Pre-encounter
  • Encounter
  • Immersion-Emersion
  • Internalization
36
Q

Pre-Encounter

A

In this stage, the traditional description characterizes the individual who is prone to view the world from a white frame of reference - s/he thinks, act, and behaves in ways that devalue and/or deny his/her blackness

  • individual views the world from a “white” (majority) frame of reference; value a Eurocentric Worldview
  • accepted deracination stage
  • associated with socioeconomic status
  • motivated by bees to dissociate from negative impact of “Blackness”

(Start/first stage)
Person exist in this stage when they see/don’t see themselves as black; when an individual internalize negative impact of blackness and values of Eurocentric Worldview

37
Q

Encounter

A

This stage is characterized by an individual experiencing one or many significant personal/social events that are inconsistent with his or her frame of reference - ex. A black person who views his/her race as not important and wishes to be viewed and accepted simply as a “human being” is denied access to living in an exclusive neighborhood due to their skin color

1st phase: realization phase
- an individual recognized that his or her old frame of reference or Worldview is inappropriate and s/he begins to explore a new identity

2nd phase: decision phase
- decision occurs when the person cautiously and defiantly decides to develop a black identity

  • intro of some frame-of-reference-altering event or series of events
  • realization that old reference is inappropriate
  • decision to defiantly accepted “black identity”

In this stage-
When something happen that the person will start to “act out” in stereotypical manner - for explain, when a person is stereotyped as x, the person will then “act out” in x manner

38
Q

Immersion-Emersion

A
  • turning point (in conversion from the old to the new frame of reference)
  • pro-Black / anti-white attitude (denigrate white people, glorifying black people)
  • emotionally intense (trying to figure out authenticity) (struggle to repress or destroy all vestiges of the pre-encounter orientation while simultaneously becoming intensely concerned with personal implications of the newfound black identity)

In this stage-
A person is emerging into a stage of “full” blackness - everything for value in life must be Black or relevant to blackness

39
Q

Internalization

A

This stage is characterized by

  • the individual achieving a sense of inner security and self-confidence with his or her Blackness
  • psychological openness, ideological flexibility, and a general decline in strong anti-White feelings
  • tension, defensiveness is resolved and replaced by psychological flexibility
  • likely more open to multicultural/non racist perspective
  • reference group is “Black”

In this stage-
Individual now has a positive image on their roots/blackness but also has a more multicultural perspective

40
Q

The psychology of survival - the beginning of Black identity development

A
  • escape from the slave master
  • fight the slave master
  • identify with slave master in order to minimize inner conflict

Need for survival so make decision for family; bring culture to colony; survival slavement:

  • making a decision to run away
  • or stay and fight
  • or stay and not fight

Pathologized; a sickness

41
Q

Theoretical notions of AA personality

A
  • Nobles
  • Akbar
  • Williams
  • Kambon
42
Q

Nobles

A
  • Extended self-Model: African Worldview (and sense of interdependence and collective consciousness) is the essence of personality and self-concept
43
Q

Akbar

A
  • Divine spiritual care Model: similarly based of African Worldview; constant striving to connect spiritually with African consciousness/nature/universe and deidentification of black people
44
Q

Williams

A
  • WEUSI Model: personality rooted in Black self-concept

- Genetic/cultural/psychological/spiritual blackness, collective was, “naturalness”

45
Q

Kambon

A
  • Self-consciousness theory
46
Q

Component of African self-consciousness theory

A
  • African self-consciousness

- cultural misorientation

48
Q

African self-consciousness

A

Collective identity, African cultural survival, advocacy, and defense against matters that are anti-African

49
Q

Adolescent identity development

A
  • adolescence marks the age where identity assessment occurs in response to race-based environmental cues:
    • racial messages (“you’re not like other black people, do you play football”) (msgs may be internalized)
    • another cue might be the conversation that one is the ONLY black person in a given setting
  • adolescents likely enter into Cross’s Encounter stage when society “reflects his/her blackness back to him/her” some event or series of events causes one to acknowledge racism (an awareness stage where children are more prepare of certain encounters)
50
Q

Coping strategies (responses to negative/positive encounters)

A
  • development of an oppositional stance (not “acting white”) –^– recognizing that s/he is different and that’s not a good thing; kid saying “no I’m not, that’s not how I am” so they will act “more black” to fit in with their black friends
  • a coping strategy for feeling excluded in a majority white society
  • problem is that the oppositional stance is based on stereotypes of speech and academic achievement
  • “racelessness” as a strategy for de-emphasizing membership in a certain ethnic group
51
Q

Racelessness

A
  • happens in Cross’s pre-encounter stage

- having no race; “I am just an American”

52
Q

Cultural misorientation

A

Personality disorder that occurs from cultural oppression and Eurocentric consciousness

53
Q

Cultural Mistrust

A
  • a general distrust of white people, “white” institutions, and all who adopt a “white” ideology
  • a core component of Black consciousness
54
Q

The construct and its measurement

A
  • cultural “paranoia”

* believed to affect mental and physical health seeking and academic performance

Psychology (2 decks)

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