A6 Pain Management

Question 1

The aim of pain management is to reduce the patients pain to ____ ____ ____, as indicated by a ____ in the ____ ____ ____, which should be recorded ____ and ____ administration of analgesia. Attempting to provide profound analgesia often places the patient at risk of significant ____ ____ (particularly from ____) due to the high doses that may be required.

Answer 1

A tolerable level
Reduction
Pain severity score
Pre; post
Adverse effects
Opioids

Question 2

Not all patients require ____ for pain relief, non pharmacological options may be adequate. If analgesics are required, use a ‘____’ ____, starting at a ____ which corresponds with the ____ of the patients ____.

Answer 2

Analgesia
‘Stepwise’ approach
Step
Severity
Pain

Question 3

In general, _____ to _____ pain resulting from ____ responds well to _____ in combination with a(n) _____. Pain resulting from a ____ origin responds well to ____, with ____ administration rarely required.

Answer 3

Moderate; severe
Trauma
Ketamine
Opioid
Medical
Opioids; ketamine

Question 4

Step 3 - ____ medication: ____ to ____ pain. E.g. ____, ____, ____
Step 2 - ____/____ medication: ____ to _____ pain. E.g. ____, ____, ____
Step 1 - ____ ____ option: e.g. ____, ____, etc

Answer 4

Parenteral; moderate; severe; morphine, fentanyl, ketamine
Oral/Inhalational; mild; moderate; paracetamol, ibuprofen, methoxyflurane
Non pharmacological; cooling; splinting

Question 5

Treatment:

1. Patient care (____) and Medication administration (____)
2. ___ ______ options - consider use of __ _____ _____ (I.e. ______, ____ of burns, eye _____, ____, and ____/____ packs)
3. _____ options - Paramedics should administer the most appropriate ____ to manage the ____ of pain, utilising the _____ approach. Consideration of ____ should be given to patients <14 years of a age with _____/______ administration the preferred route
4. In patients ____ years of age, ____ and ____ (____, ____, _____ & ____) doses must be ____ to reduce the risk of ____ ____. For patients with ___ ____ ____ (for example, but not limited to, patients with _____ disease, those with ___ ____ ____, and those generally _____), consideration should be given to _____ the dose of ____ and ____ medications
5. Medications administered to a patient must be recorded on the ___ ___ including the patients ___ ___ to treatment, and communicated during ___ ___
6. Regularly ____ and ____ the patients ___ ___ as well as other ABCD physical examinations and physiological observations in order to identify ____ in ___ ____ and/or ____

Note: the administration of a ____ ___ ____ does not require the submission of a ____ ___ ___ ___ (____)

Answer 5

1. A2; A4
2. Non pharmacological; non pharmacological options; immobilisation, cooling; irrigation; elevation; warm/cold
3. Pharmacological; medication; severity; stepwise; route; inhalational/intranasal
4. > =65; analgesic; sedative; midazolam; morphine; fentanyl; ketamine; halved; adverse effects; limited physiological reserve; cardiorespiratory; life threatening injuries; debilitated; halving; analgesic; sedative
5. Clinical record; physiological response; clinical handover
6. Repeat; document; pain score; trends; clinical deterioration; improvement

Reduced analgesic dose; Variation to Clinical Practice (VCP)