A4 - Energy & Metabolism Flashcards
What is Energy?
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be changed or transformed from one form to another (you can’t get energy from nothing or make it disappear).
What are the 8 ways energy is stored?
- Kinetic - Movement (anything that is moving has kinetic energy)
- Thermal - Heat (energy is stored as heat)
- Gravitational potential - Any object above the ground has gravitational potential
- Elastic potential - Anything that stretch has elastic energy stored in it
- Chemical - Energy formed in any form of chemical. E.g. food, fuel, wood, coil, etc.
- Nuclear - Energy stored inside the nucleus of an atom. There are two types of nuclear (nuclear fusion and nuclear fission (split up)
- Electrostatic - Electrical energy
- Magnetic
What are the 4 ways to transfer energy?
- Electrically (via a circuit)
- Mechanically (by using forces)
- By heating
- By radiation (by waves)
How do we represent this energy?
We represent this energy by energy flow diagrams: Object (store) Transfer Object (store)
Identify the function of ribosomes.
Produces proteins/Translates DNA/genetic information from nucleus into making proteins
Identify the type of tissue where ciliated cells are found.
Simple epithelial tissue
Outline the role of the following in the cell:
Golgi apparatus
Store, modify and package proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport them to other parts of the cell
Outline the role of the following in the cell:
Centrioles
Give the new cell the right amount of DNA. Help cell division
What is energy needed for?
Energy is needed to build large molecules from
smaller molecules
What does Enzymes do?
Enzymes catalyse the joining together of amino acids. This happens in all cells.
One of the most important roles of enzymes is to aid in digestion. Digestion is the process of turning the food we eat into energy. For example, there are enzymes in our saliva, pancreas, intestines and stomach. They break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Enzymes use these nutrients for growth and cell repair.
What is enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and break others down. All living things have enzymes.
Our bodies naturally produce enzymes. But enzymes are also in manufactured products and food.
Enzymes are essential for digestion, liver function and much more. Too much or too little of a certain enzyme can cause health problems. Enzymes in our blood can also help healthcare providers check for injuries and diseases.
What does enzymes help with?
Enzymes also help with:
Breathing.
Building muscle.
Nerve function.
Ridding our bodies of toxins.
What are the different types of enzymes?
There are thousands of individual enzymes in the body. Each type of enzyme only has one job. For example, the enzyme sucrase breaks down a sugar called sucrose. Lactase breaks down lactose, a kind of sugar found in milk products.
How does energy contribute to movement?
Energy is needed to allow movement. Muscle cells contain lots of mitochondria (site of aerobic respiration) because muscle cells needs lots of energy to contract.
How does energy help keep you warm?
A lot of the energy from glucose has the important function of keeping an organism warm. This is especially important in warm blooded birds and mammals. This is why our body temperature is higher than that of the room.
