A4 Behaviour

Question 1

What is innate behaviour?

Answer 1

Innate behaviour is inherited from parents and so develops independently of the environment. It includes taxis and kinesis.

Question 2

What is taxis?

Answer 2

Change in movement direction in response to an environmental stimulus

Question 3

What is kinesis?

Answer 3

Change in rate of movement activity

Question 4

Draw and label the reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex.

Answer 4

1. A receptor detects a pain stimulus and a electrical impulse is initiated via a sensory neuron.
2. The impulse is sent to the spinal cord, where the sensory neuron synapses with a relay neuron, which synapses with a motor neuron.
3. The signal is sent via the motor neuron to an effector, which contracts and removes the body form the pain stimulant.

Question 5

What is imprinting?

Answer 5

Learning at a specific life stage and independent of the consequences of that behaviour. E.g. geese reckognizing the first animal they see as a parent.

Question 6

What is reflex conditionning? What is operant conditionning?

Answer 6

Conditionning is making someone associate a behaviour with a particular stimulus

Reflex: a stimulus is given before the behaviour, works autonomic responses
Operant: a stimulus is given after the event, works on volunatry responses

Question 7

What is Pavlov’s experiment?

Answer 7

He did reflex conditionning on dogs, so before he would give the dog food, he would ring a bell. After a while, the dog would automatically salivate in response to the bell, even without a food delivery afterwards.

Question 8

Operant conditionning involves trial and error experiences for the subject. Which 4 types of stimuli could the subject experience?

Answer 8

Positive= something is given
Negative = something is taken
Reinforcement= good
Punishment= bad

Question 9

Memory is the process of….

Answer 9

Encoding, storing and accessing information. SO short term information is not really stored and thus will be forgotten.