A2.2 Cell Theory and Functions of Life Flashcards
Flashcards of important terminology and concepts used in the lesson A2.2 Cell Theory and Functions of Life.
What are the common features shared by all cells?
- Every cell is surrounded by a MEMBRANE.
- Cells contain DNA (as genetic material).
- Cells contain CYTOPLASM.
- Cell activities are CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
- Cells have their own ENERGY release systems.
What does Cell Theory state?
Cell Theory proposes that:
1. All living organisms are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest unit of life.
3. Cells are derived from pre-existing cells by division.
Prokaryotes divide by ____________________.
Binary Fission
List the Functions of Life.
- Metabolism
- Growth
- Response
- Homeostasis
- Nutrition
- Reproduction
- Excretion
Eukaryotic cells divide by ____________________.
Fission, Mitosis, and Meiosis
Explain the concept of Emergent Properties.
Emergent properties arise when the interaction of individual components produces new functions.
Differentiation allows for emergent properties in multicellular organisms as different cell types interact with each other to allow more complex functions to take place (e.g. Nerve cells interact with muscle cells to stimulate movement).
What are Anabolic Reactions?
Anabolic reactions consume energy to build larger molecules from smaller molecules (e.g. Photosynthesis).
What are Catabolic Reactions?
Catabolic reactions generate energy by breaking larger molecules into smaller molecules (e.g. Cellular Respiration).
Autotrophs are ____________________.
Organisms that use external energy sources (usually the Sun) to synthesize carbon compounds (Glucose) from smaller substances (Carbon Dioxide and Water).
Heterotrophs are ____________________.
Organisms that use carbon compounds (Glucose, Proteins, Fats) obtained from other organisms to synthesize the carbon compounds that they require.
What is Metabolism?
The sum of all the CHEMICAL REACTIONS in a cell.
What is Growth?
The increase in MASS and SIZE of an organism.
What is Response?
All life can RECOGNIZE and RESPOND to changes in environmental conditions.
What is Homeostasis?
Living organisms keep their INTERNAL environments within a certain range, despite changes to the external environment.
What is Nutrition?
All life obtains ENERGY and MATTER.
