A2. Indus Valley Civilisation Flashcards
Period of IVC
3300BC - 1300BC
IVC is divided into 3 phases
- Early Phase(3300 BC - 2600 BC)
- Mature Phase(2600 BC - 1900 BC)
- Later Phase(1900 BC - 1300 BC)
IVC is also know as
Harappan Civilization (because harappa was the first site which was founded)
Bronze Age Civilization ( bronze was discovered in this civilization)
Major sites in Pakistan(IVC)
- Harappa
- Ganwerimala
- Mohenjodaro(Mound of Dead)
Major sites in India(IVC)
- Kalibangan
- Dholavira
- Lothal
- Ropar
- Rakhigarhi
Why IVC is Urban Civilization
- Town Planning
- Urban Sanitation System
- Proper system for garbage collection
Which were the smallest and the largest site in IVC ?
Allahdino (smallest)
Rakhigarhi (largest)
Important facts of IVC
- No religion
- No language
- No caste system
- No temples
- No sign of slavery or captured enemy
- No sign of warfare
- No monuments to glorify victory
Harappa was discovered by
- Sir John Marshall
- Dayaram Sahni
- Madhu Sarup Vats in 1921
Location of Harrapa
Montgomery district of Punjab on banks of Ravi river
Features of Harrapa
Granaries , Bullock carts , Sand stone human anatomy sculptures
Mohenjodaro was discovered by
- RD Banerjee
- EJH Mackay
- John Marshall in 1922
Location of Mohenjodaro
Punjab district of Larkana on the banks of Indus river
Features of Mohenjodaro
Great Bath , Dancing girl , seal of Pashupati Mahadeva Statue , steatite of beard man
1. Agriculture
2. Cotton Cultivation
3. Domesticated animals
Sutkagendor
- Discovered by Stein in 1929
- Location - Dast river in pakistan’s southern balochistan province
- Feature - Trading
Chanudaro
- Discovered by Majumdar in 1931
- Location - Sindh(Indus river) Pakistan
- Feature - Bead Making , Footprint of a dog chasing a cat
Amri
- Discovered by NG Majumdar in 1935
- Location - on the banks of Indus river
Kalibangan
- Discovered by Ghose in 1953
- Location - Rajasthan beside Ghaggar river
- Feature - Altar of fire , Bones of Camels , Plough of wood
Lothal (Artificial Dockyard)
- Discovered by R Rao in 1953
- Location - Gujarat beside Bhagwa river near Gulf of Cambay
- Feature - Husk of rice , Altar of fire
Surkotada
- Discovered by JP Joshi in 1964
- Location - In Gujarat
- Feature - Hore skeletons , Beads
Banawali
- Discovered by RS Bisht in 1974
- Location - Haryana’s Hisar district
- Feature - Evidence of Beads and Barley
Dholavira
- Discovered by RS Bisht in 1985
- Location - Gujarat , Rann of kachchh
- Feature -
1. Water collection system in houses
2. Reservoir of water
It was the only site which was divided into 3 parts (others were divided into 2 )
Agriculture in IVC
- wheat , barley , rai , peas , sesame , lentils , chickpea , mustard , millets
- first to cultivate cotton
- Whole grain finding suggest the existence of agriculture
Religion in IVC
- No religion was there
- Animals and trees were worshipped there
1. one-horned unicorn
2. humped bull
3. earth as a fertility goddess
4. Phallus / Yoni worship
Theory of decline of IVC
- Natural Calamities such as flood , earthquakes, etc
- Decrease in land fertility
Arts and Crafts in IVC
- Production and application of bronze
- copper was acquired from Rajasthan’s khetri mines
- artifacts with textile imprints
- Large brick structures confirms existence of mason class
- gold silver and precious stone jewelery
- pottery was in full swing
oldest discovery of the Indus Valley
Civilization
Bhirdana
Its history stretches back to pre-Harappan times,
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
is associated with which of the
following ancient cultures
Mesopotamia
Which of the following sites of Indus valley civilization is not on the
bank of river Indus
Ropar
