A2

Question 1

Compound

Answer 1

Combination of two or more elements

Question 2

Ionic Componds

Answer 2

Formed due to the transfer of electrons between cations and anions

Ionic Bond- Electrostatic attraction between cations and anions

Electrically Neutral- Always occurs in a ratio where net positive charge equal net negative charge

Question 3

Formula Unit

Answer 3

Lists ions in smallest whole number that equals neutral electric charge

Question 4

Univalent Binary Ionic Compounds

Answer 4

Composed of ions of two varying elements (cation and anion) and cation has only one possible charge

Question 5

Multivalent Binary Ionic Compounds

Answer 5

Cation has more than one possible charge (Indicated by roman numerals)

Question 6

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

Answer 6

Consists of two or more elements where at least one is polyatomic (two or more elements bonded covalently)

Question 7

Molecular Compounds

Answer 7

Formed electrons are shared between two nonmetals

Question 8

Molecular Structure

Answer 8

Single Bond- One pair of electrons is shared
Double Bond- Two pairs of electrons are shared
Triple Bond- 3 pairs of electrons are shared

Question 9

Electronegativity

Answer 9

Atoms tendency to attract electrons to itself

Electronegativity increases from bottom to top as their are less shells so electrons are closer to nucleus where protons are present and since opposites attract, attraction increases

Electronegativity increases from left to right as the further right you go the more protons there are and since opposites attract, attraction increases

Question 10

Molecular Polarity

Answer 10

Distribution of electric charge

Nonpolar- Bonding pair of electrons is shared equally (linear and symmetrical)

Polar- Bonding pair of electrons is shared unequally resulting in a partial negative pole and partial positive due to unequal distribution of electron density (nonlinear and non symmetrical)

Question 11

State

Answer 11

Ionic- Ions arrange themselves in a manner that maximizes attraction and minimizes repulsion. Since it has such a strong attraction it is hard to break apart the ions hence solid at room temperature with a high melting point

Molecular- Bond between individual molecules is strong however neighboring molecules have weak attraction hence they have low melting points as it is easy to break attraction. State depends on size

Question 12

Solubility

Answer 12

Ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent

Ionic- Solubility is determined by attraction between ions and water molecules (check solubility table)

Molecular- Solubility depends on polarity

Question 13

Electrical conductivity

Answer 13

Measure of a material’s ability to conduct an electric charge

Ionic- When solid it does NOT conduct electricity due to the way ions are organized. They are arranged in a way that maximizes the attraction leaving very little space between ions hence preventing the movement of the current. Though when dissolved charged ions move freely and give space for current to move

Molecular- No ions so no charge so it doesn’t conduct electricity

Question 14

Acids

Answer 14

Have H+ atom present (red, colorless, yellow)

Question 15

Bases

Answer 15

Have OH- atom present (blue, pink, blue)