A11y Laws Flashcards
List the three categories where Accessibility laws tend to fall
- Civil rights laws
- Procurement laws
- Industry-specific laws
Give an example of a civil rights law that applies to accessibility
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Give an example of a US procurement law that applies accessibility
Section 508 of the rehabilitation act
Give an example of an industry-specific accessibility law
The 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA)
Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA)
When and by whom was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued?
1948, by the Commission on Human Rights, led by committee chair Eleanor Roosevelt
What is the UN CRPD?
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - an international ratified treaty that can help push and monitor national legislation related to accessibility, assistive technology and universal design
Which theoretical model of disability was the UN CRPD intended to address?
The medical model
What is the status of the UN CRPD in the United States?
The US signed but did not ratify the UN CRPD. It failed to get a two thirds majority in the senate in 2012.
Describe the purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA is a broad civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in the following areas:
Employment Architectural Design Transportation Exams and Courses Other services offering "public accommodation"
How can the ADA potentially apply to or relate to web accessibility
While the ADA does not explicitly cover web accessibility, many web accessibility lawsuits do invoke the ADA as the basis for the complaint, because of the language around “public accommodation”
The ADA applies to which type of businesses or entities?
Private entities that own, operate, lease, or lease to places of public accommodation. This refers to businesses and other organizations open to the public, with the exception of religious entities and private clubs.
It also applies to federal and state government entities
How is the ADA enforced?
Consumers (people with disabilities) can file formal complaints or lawsuits
What is the law in Canada that covers Accessibility?
The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
What is the law in the United Kingdom that covers Accessibility?
The Equality Act of 2010
In addition to disability, this law also covers race and ethnic identity, sex, pregnancy or parenthood status, sexual orientation or identity, and religion/belief or lack of religion/belief
The “Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities” was passed in June 2013 in which country?
Japan
Who does Section 508 apply to?
The US Federal government, as well as any businesses. non-profits, or local/state governments that do business with the federal government
How is Section 508 enforced?
Consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints
What is EN 301 549?
A set of standards created by the European Union regarding Information and Communication Technology (ICT), similar to section 508.
It is unique in that no government in Europe has required adherence to these standards as of 2014. Also, it only initially covers the public sector; private sector is not included
What does the CVAA require?
The CVAA requires advanced communications services and products to be accessible to people with disabilities.
This includes:
Video communications
Text messaging
Web browsers on mobile devices
It also says that all video programs presented with closed captioning on TV must also be presented with closed captioning on the Internet.
Who does the CVAA apply to?
All entities that are covered by FCC regulations, including telecommunication software and hardware providers, television broadcasters, and television software/hardware providers
How is the CVAA enforced?
Consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints
Describe the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) of 1986
The ACAA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in air travel, and requires air carriers to accommodate the needs of passengers with disabilities
In 2013, how did the Department of Transportation (DoT) extend the ACAA?
To require airline kiosks and websites to be accessible
What are the seven core air travel services that are required to be WCAG compliant according to the ACAA
- Booking or changing a reservation, including all flight amenities
- Checking in for a flight
- Accessing a personal travel itinerary
- Accessing flight status
- Accessing a personal frequent flier account
- Accessing flight schedules
- Accessing carrier contact information
Who does the ACAA apply to?
US air carriers, as well as foreign air carriers that operate flights within or to the US, or sell tickets to the US public
How is the ACAA enforced?
Consumers (people with disabilities) filing formal complaints
What entities are typically covered in state accessibility laws?
State and local governments, including K-12 schools and universities
