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Peco 4200 > A11 > Flashcards

A11 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Thomas Newcomen develop ?

A

Developed atmospheric pressure steam engine.

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2
Q

What was Thomas newcomens idea?

A

Power = difference between atmospheric pressure on one side of a piston, and a vacuum formed by condensing steam on the other.

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3
Q

What did James watt do/believe?

A

Improved Thomas newcomens engine. Boiler pressure acting against a vacuum = more power

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4
Q

What is a heating surface?

A

Part of a boiler which heat is transferred from combustion gas boiler water.

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5
Q

What is the fire side of a boiler ?

A

Products of combustion air, or heat transfer surface exposed to radiant heat.

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6
Q

What is the water side of a boiler?

A

Heat transfer surface covered with water, steam or both.

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7
Q

Older type boilers had?

A

Furnace outside of shell, being externally fired.

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8
Q

Richard trevithick made the first?

A

High presser design

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9
Q

The high pressure design has?

A

An internal furnace reducing heat loss, and a chimney/stack for improved combustion

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10
Q

Fire tube boilers increase?

A

The ratio between boiler heating surface, and water volume

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11
Q

Fire tube boilers support higher internal pressure because?

A

It has a stiffened boiler structure

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12
Q

What do water tube boilers have connected?

A

Drums and headers by water filled tubes to transfer heat within

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13
Q

Water tubes are called ____? And why (2)

A

Safe boiler because they have a small internal volume and, have small diameter pressure parts

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14
Q

Explosive potential for a boiler is?

A

The mass of saturated water in a shell

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15
Q

What is the purpose of bent tubes?

A

To increase surface area for more heat transfer, which produces more steam, and can replace super heaters, economizors and re heaters

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16
Q

What are the 3 main causes of boiler explosions ?

A
  1. Bad/inconsistent design 2.bad/inconsistent construction 3.bad operators
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17
Q

Hot oil can?

A

Achieve a very high temperature with out high pressure

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18
Q

Thermo flooding boilers are ?

A

Used to inject a large amount of heat into the ground to extract oil.

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19
Q

Once through boilers are?

A

Have no internal circulation, water enters at one end and comes out as steam, has no drums, and produces wet steam (85% dry + saturated)

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20
Q

Field erected boilers are

A

Built on site, and are the largest boilers

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21
Q

Packaged boilers

A

Are entirely factory built, and tested then transferred to site

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22
Q

A steam drum is

A

Where the water and steam get separated

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23
Q

Mud drums are

A

Where the debris and bad shit is collected

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24
Q

What are the 3 types of head and which is the most common and the best ?

A

Torispherical, ellepisodial(most common), and hemispherical(best one )

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25
Q

Two types of insulation

A

Fiber glass and mineral wool on the outside if boiler pressure vessel

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26
Q

Why do we use insulation?

A

To keep heat inside boiler, and to protect operators

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27
Q

What is refractory

A

A highly temperature resistant ceramic material

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28
Q

Tapered mandrel is

A

To expand tubes, fitted between 2 rollers

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29
Q

What are stays?

A

To support

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30
Q

11 things a boiler should

A

1.have large heating surface 2.boiler heating surface exposed to fire or hot gasses must b covered by water 3.must have a circulation of water 4.must b properly insulated 5. Steam space must be large enough for steam 6. Easy access for inspection 7. Built with high standards of workmanship 8. Should be an expensive and easy to maintain 9. Should be strong enough to withstand the pressure and temperature 10. Should allow expansion and contraction 11. Have approved fittings

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31
Q

Fire tubes have _____ pressure

A

External

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32
Q

Water tubes have ___ pressure

A

Internal

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33
Q

Water in tubes have _____ heat applied

A

External

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34
Q

Advantages of a water tube boiler (5)

A

They are more efficient, produces more steam, there is less water needed, better watercirculation, and superheated steam.

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35
Q

Disadvantages of a water tube boiler(3)

A

They need better quality water, more expensive, and are more complex to design

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36
Q

Furnaces are often lined with ____ to absorb more heat

A

Water tubes

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37
Q

Risers contain _____ and are ____ denser

A

Water and steam
Are less denser

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38
Q

Downcomer’s only contain ____ and have a ____ density

A

Water
Higher

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39
Q

What does a continuous blow down pipe do?

A

Continuously removes a small stream of boiler water to maintain, proper dissolved, solid levels to prevent foming from occurring.

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40
Q

What is the first stage of steam/water separation done by

A

Baffles

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41
Q

What does a dry pipe do

A

Further separates water from steam because of the turns in a pipe. Water is more dense than steam.

42
Q

What do cydone separators do

A

They pair with baffles to separate steam by rapidly spinning. Dry steam leaves the top and water gets flung outside.

43
Q

Scrubbers (chevron dryers) are

A

Use rapid change in direction to separate

44
Q

Water walls do

A

Improve heat transfer, decrease heat loss, and reduce need for insulation

45
Q

D type boiler

A

Has one steam drum, one furnace, and burner may be located in the front or side of the wall

46
Q

A type

A

Has one steam drum and two small mud drums, and has bent tubes

47
Q

O type

A

Has one steam drum one mud drum bent tubes and is used when space is limited

48
Q

Packaged fire tube boilers can be

A

Power or heating boiler’s

49
Q

Fire tube heads are also called

A

Tube sheets

50
Q

Larger fire tube boilers have at least 1 _______ and also have ____ in tube sheets

A

Manhole
Hand hole

51
Q

Expanders on a fire tube boiler are used to

A

Flare/bell tube end

52
Q

What does the contact between the tube and the tube sheet do?

A

Keeps the ends cool

53
Q

What are the advantages of a fire tube boiler? (4)

A

1.have simple construction 2.have more water 3. Can tolerate shitty water 4. Cheaper to buy and maintain

54
Q

Fire tubes are also called

A

Flues

55
Q

Are fire tube boilers reinforced

A

No

56
Q

What pass tube inlet is greater than the other?

A

2>3>4

57
Q

Fire tube boilers are not produced in sizes bigger than

A

25000kw

58
Q

Fire tube boilers have ____ heat in tubes

A

External

59
Q

Fire tube boilers have ____ heat

A

Internal

60
Q

Ftb horizontal return tubular boilers

A

Are expensive to construct and insufficient, because they have brick work

61
Q

Ftb fire box boiler

A

Is an externally fired, two or three pass horizontal fire tube boiler and are similar to horizontal return tubular boilers

62
Q

Ftb scotch boiler

A

Designed to maximize heat, transfer and increase efficiency by utilizing heat. This is suitable for high pressure and low pressure service.

63
Q

A ____ is when the rear door is lined with refractory in a scotch boiler

A

Dry back boiler

64
Q

A ___ is when the rear door is replaced with the water cooled surface to increase the heating surface

A

Wet back boiler

65
Q

Why were multipass boilers developed

A

So the flu gas path could be length, and without the need for a longer boiler

66
Q

Add to pass design is a

A

Dry back

67
Q

A 3 and 4 pass design is a

A

Wet back

68
Q

Single pass boilers

A

Have no central furnace tube instead each of the fire tubes is a small volume furnace. This creates more radiant heat transfer, resulting in boiler transfers heat very effectively. They have no internal baffles and no refractory.

69
Q

As flue gas transfers heat it’s _____ decreases

A

Velocity

70
Q

Vertical tubeless heater

A

Is a special two pass fire tube designed. It doesn’t have fire tubes but it has a central furnace tube. It is a high pressure steam boiler used in small industrial applications.

71
Q

Water circulation is important because

A

Fire to boilers rely on circulation for natural convention

72
Q

The grafted heat transfer is from

A

Radiant furnace heat

73
Q

Poor water circulation can cause

A

Sludge

74
Q

Lowest permissible water level for fire tube boiler design is __ above the upper most heating surface

A

25 mm

75
Q

Tube sheets are

A

Flat heads

76
Q

_____ and _____ strengthen furnace

A

Corrugations and reinforcing rings

77
Q

AtvantGes of corrugated furnaces

A

They increase strength, have greater heat, transfer surface area, cause greater furnace, turbulence, help compensate for differential expansion

78
Q

What are the 3 types of stays

A

Diagonal stay, through stay, stay bolt

79
Q

Chemical feed pipe help

A

Prevent scale, formation, and corrosion

80
Q

Setting means

A

Brick work

81
Q

Sub critical steam generating units operate at pressures below

A

The critical pressure of water and steam

82
Q

Radiant steam, generating unit

A

Does not have a boiler bank or a mudroom. The water is heated to evaporation in the water wall furnace tubes.

83
Q

Fluidized bed combustion steam generators

A

Fuel is burned, suspended in mid air in a bed of inert material, like sand or gravel. Fuel is introduced to the bed with a variety of stoker mechanisms.

84
Q

Advantages of fluidized bed, combustion steam generators (3)

A

Have high efficiency, can use a wide range of fuels, reduces nox, and sox

85
Q

Bubbling bed is

A

When the combustion air passes through the bed like a large bubbles

86
Q

Fluidized bed boilers have ____ conventional burners to preheat the inner bed material, so that combustion of the ____ begins as soon as it contacts the bed

A

Auxiliary
Solid fuel

87
Q

Auxiliary boilers and electric boilers can be used to

A

To keep standby steam generators warm so they can be brought online quickly and can also be used during periods of low process steam demand

88
Q

Electric boilers may b used for

A

High-pressure or low-pressure applications in both steam in hot water service

89
Q

Advantages of electric boilers

A

Are very compact, do not require furnace, vent, connectors, combustion air, equipment, or chimneys. No fuel storage space is required. Are installed or replaced quickly. Or highly efficient at 99%. Produce no pollution. Are silent. And don’t cause furnace explosions.

90
Q

Disadvantages of electric boilers

A

Or more expensive. I have limited pressure to about 3100 KPA and operate at high voltages.

91
Q

2 types of electric boilers

A

Electrode, immersion(resistance)

92
Q

Electrode boiler

A

Uses water with dissolved solids to conduct electricity (never pure water), electrodes are submerged. Level of water determines steam rates. Higher the level of water, the more current than produces more steam. Doesn’t require cut off switches

93
Q

Immersion (resistance)

A

Electricity flows through a heating element like a stove. The resistance to current flow causes the element to heat up and is submerged in water. Control steam rates by powering on and off. Require low water fuel cut off

94
Q

Jet electrode boiler

A

Electrodes are mounted above the water level and to get current to flow, water will be sprayed onto the electrodes to increase current flow and the generation of steam

95
Q

Industrial type water to boilers are seldom selected for

A

Low pressure heating

96
Q

Flexible water tube heating boiler

A

Increases the heating surface and allows the tube to expand and contract without creating excessive stress, because turbulent in intensive scrubbing of gases around them

97
Q

Coil tube heating boiler

A

Is actually a water tube boiler it has no drums or headers, and has one or more continuous coils of copper or steel tubing. If scale is present, water flow could become restricted, and tubes may overheat. These are very common in hot water supply or natural draft designs, and are popular in residential and commercial hot water heating systems

98
Q

Why is copper used in heating systems

A

It resist corrosion and has better heat transfer

99
Q

What is a aqua stat

A

It is a high water temperature cut off and a low-water cut off

100
Q

What is pressuretrol

A

High pressure cut off in a low-water cut off

Peco 4200 (1 decks)

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