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A107 Weather Theory And Reports > A107 > Flashcards

A107 Flashcards

1
Q

An air mass moving over a warm surface and is heated from below (convective heating) creates what effects?

A

Unstable air and turbulence

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2
Q

Warm fronts cause what type of precipitation?

A

Light to moderate precipitation

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3
Q

Warm fronts likely cause what type of clouds?

A

Blanket-type (stratus) clouds

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4
Q

What type of effect does an air mass passing over a cold surface create?

A

Creates a stable air mass with poor visibility

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5
Q

At what speed do cold fronts move?

A

Rapidly

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6
Q

Which front stays close to the ground?

A

Cold front

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7
Q

What kind of clouds are created from cold fronts?

A

Towering cumulus and cumulonimbus

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8
Q

What type of weather/precipitation is associated with cold fronts?

A

Severe weather with extreme precipitation

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9
Q

What three things must be present for clouds?

A 
Adequate water vapor
Condensation nuclei (dust particle to cling to)
Air to cool to reach its saturation pointx
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10
Q

Define low clouds

A

Surface to 6500, mostly water droplets (fog included)

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11
Q

Define middle clouds

A

6500-20000
Composed of water, ice crystals, and supercooled water droplets
Can produce turbulence and moderate icing

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12
Q

Define high clouds

A

Above 20,000
Composed of ice crystals
Form in stable air

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13
Q

What is a major factor in circulation of air?

A

Uneven heating of the earth’s surface

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14
Q

where is the troposphere?

A

From sea level to 20,000-48,000 (poles and equator, respectively)

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15
Q

What is the tropopause?

A

Top layer of troposphere—there is turbulence here

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16
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

Causes deflection to right in northern hemisphere and deflection to left in Southern Hemisphere

17
Q

What happens in unstable air?

A

Small vertical air movements tend to become larger

Generates turbulence and convective weather

18
Q

What is temperature inversion?

A

Air gets warmer as temperature increases (to a certain point)
The layer at the top acts as a lid—traps pollution, haze, smoke—can result in decreased visibility

19
Q

What happens in stable air?

A

Makes vertical movement difficult; sometimes associated with temp inversion

20
Q

What hazards to aviation may be present from thunderstorms?

A

Updrafts/downdrafts, large hail stones, lightning, tornadoes, windshear, severe turbulence

21
Q

Define windshear

A

A sudden, drastic change in wind speed or direction

22
Q

What commonly causes windshear?

A

Passing frontal systems, thunderstorms,

temperature inversion, and surface obstruction

23
Q

Define microburst

A

A critical type of shear

Typically has diameter of 1-2 miles

Usually 15 min lifespan

Downdrafts up to 6,000ft/min

24
Q

What is a METAR

A

Hourly observed weather report

25
Q

When is a METAR observed?

A

45min to top of the hour

26
Q

When is a METAR reported?

A

50 min to top of the hour

27
Q

How far from an airfield does a METAR include weather info for?

A

5 miles

28
Q

If a METAR says “VC” what does this mean?

A

In the vicinity—5-10 miles

29
Q

What does DSNT mean on a METAR?

A

Distant—greater than 10 mikes

30
Q

What are the five levels of cloud coverage?

A 
Skc—sky clear
Few—1-2/8
Sct—3-4/8
Bkn—5-7/8
Ovc—8/8
31
Q

What is a TAF?

A

A weather forecast

32
Q

What type of weather can be expected from moist, unstable air and very warm surface temperature?

A

Strong updrafts and cumulus clouds

33
Q

What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?

A
  1. cumulus stage: lifting action begins, needs moisture and instability
  2. Mature stage: most violent time, precipitation begins to fall
  3. Disappearing stage: downdrafts spread out, lifting action stop
34
Q

What happens if a wind shear causes a headwind to change to a tailwind?

A

Loss of aircraft performance

35
Q

What is prevailing visability?

A

The greatest horizontal visibility observed through at least half the horizon circle and is not not necessarily continuous

36
Q

How long is a routine TAF valid?

A

24 hours

A107 Weather Theory And Reports (1 decks)

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