A103 Flashcards
To overcome adverse yaw required coordinated __________ input in the __________ direction the aircraft is being rolled.
Rudder; same
Define spiraling slipstream
The slipstream created from the propeller causes the tail to move right which in turn causes the nose of the airplane to yaw left (usu. high power settings)
Define chord line
Imaginary straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil
Which axis does the elevator cause the aircraft to rotate about?
The lateral axis
If in a stall, what should the pilot do?
Decrease angle of attack
What is the longitudinal axis?
Line from the nose through the tail
Name the four aerodynamic principles
Lift, weight, thrust, drag
List the steps to recover from a spin
- Throttle—idle
- Rudder—full opposite spin direction
- Control stick—ease forward
- Rudder—neutral when rotation stops
- Flaps—cruise
- Control stick—pull cautiously
When the aircraft is in a stall, what should the pilot do?
Decrease angle of attack, apply max power, recover to level flight
Define P-factor
The propeller creates uneven thrust (uneven angle of attack between the descending and ascending prop blades), causing the aircraft to yaw left
Define torque
Newton: for every action there’s an equal opposite reaction
As the propeller rotates clockwise, it causes torque making the aircraft want to rotate counterclockwise around the longitudinal axis
Define gyroscopic procession
The tendency of a spinning gyro to turn 90 degrees further in the force of direction—causes the aircraft to yaw right at takeoff
List the four turning tendencies of the aircraft
Torque
Gyroscopic precession
Asymmetrical thrust (p-factor)
Spiraling slipstream
Define angle of attack
The angle between the chord line and relative wind
Define ground effect
Phenomenon of less induced drag when close to the ground (within one wingspan or lower)
I’m a level, constant speed turn, as bank angle increases, stall speed ___________.
Increases
What causes a stall?
Aircraft exceeds the critical angle of attack
What is an airplane spin?
An uncoordinated, stalled aircraft where one wing is more stalled that the other, causing the aircraft to yaw
Define camber
The curve of an airfoils upper and/or lower surface
When speed increases, parasite drag __________.
Increases
What causes induced drag?
Lift—low airspeeds/high AoA
- wingtip vortices
- worse when heavy, slow, clean
What causes parasite drag?
The resultant force of an object moving through a fluid (aircraft moving through air—the resistance it encounters)
How does weight, speed, and altitude affect parasite drag?
Weight—no change
- increase speed, increase parasite drag
- increase altitude, decrease parasite drag
How does weight, speed, altitude, and angle of attack affect induced drag?
Increase weight, increase induced drag
- Increase speed, decrease induced drag
- Increase altitude, increase induced drag (bc air is less dense, you need to fly at a greater AoA)
- Increase angle of attack, increase induced drag
What causes adverse yaw?
When an aircraft is rolled, the upper wing has increased induced drag, causing the aircraft to yaw
What is Bernoullis principle?
An increase in velocity causes a decrease in pressure and temperature
What causes an aircraft to turn?
The horizontal component of lift
Define maneuvering speed
The max speed you can use with full, abrupt controls without over-stressing the aircraft
(Changes with weight)
106KIAS at 1764lbs in DA-20
Stall speed increases with increased ___________, ______________, _________, _______, and _________.
Weight, forward CG, ice/snow on wings, turbulence, load factor (Gs)
