A103

Question 1

To overcome adverse yaw required coordinated __________ input in the __________ direction the aircraft is being rolled.

Answer 1

Rudder; same

Question 2

Define spiraling slipstream

Answer 2

The slipstream created from the propeller causes the tail to move right which in turn causes the nose of the airplane to yaw left (usu. high power settings)

Question 3

Define chord line

Answer 3

Imaginary straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil

Question 4

Which axis does the elevator cause the aircraft to rotate about?

Answer 4

The lateral axis

Question 5

If in a stall, what should the pilot do?

Answer 5

Decrease angle of attack

Question 6

What is the longitudinal axis?

Answer 6

Line from the nose through the tail

Question 7

Name the four aerodynamic principles

Answer 7

Lift, weight, thrust, drag

Question 8

List the steps to recover from a spin

Answer 8

1. Throttle—idle
2. Rudder—full opposite spin direction
3. Control stick—ease forward
4. Rudder—neutral when rotation stops
5. Flaps—cruise
6. Control stick—pull cautiously

Question 9

When the aircraft is in a stall, what should the pilot do?

Answer 9

Decrease angle of attack, apply max power, recover to level flight

Question 10

Define P-factor

Answer 10

The propeller creates uneven thrust (uneven angle of attack between the descending and ascending prop blades), causing the aircraft to yaw left

Question 11

Define torque

Answer 11

Newton: for every action there’s an equal opposite reaction

As the propeller rotates clockwise, it causes torque making the aircraft want to rotate counterclockwise around the longitudinal axis

Question 12

Define gyroscopic procession

Answer 12

The tendency of a spinning gyro to turn 90 degrees further in the force of direction—causes the aircraft to yaw right at takeoff

Question 13

List the four turning tendencies of the aircraft

Answer 13

Torque
Gyroscopic precession
Asymmetrical thrust (p-factor)
Spiraling slipstream

Question 14

Define angle of attack

Answer 14

The angle between the chord line and relative wind

Question 15

Define ground effect

Answer 15

Phenomenon of less induced drag when close to the ground (within one wingspan or lower)

Question 16

I’m a level, constant speed turn, as bank angle increases, stall speed ___________.

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

What causes a stall?

Answer 17

Aircraft exceeds the critical angle of attack

Question 18

What is an airplane spin?

Answer 18

An uncoordinated, stalled aircraft where one wing is more stalled that the other, causing the aircraft to yaw

Question 19

Define camber

Answer 19

The curve of an airfoils upper and/or lower surface

Question 20

When speed increases, parasite drag __________.

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

What causes induced drag?

Answer 21

Lift—low airspeeds/high AoA

• wingtip vortices
• worse when heavy, slow, clean

Question 22

What causes parasite drag?

Answer 22

The resultant force of an object moving through a fluid (aircraft moving through air—the resistance it encounters)

Question 23

How does weight, speed, and altitude affect parasite drag?

Answer 23

Weight—no change

• increase speed, increase parasite drag
• increase altitude, decrease parasite drag

Question 24

How does weight, speed, altitude, and angle of attack affect induced drag?

Answer 24

Increase weight, increase induced drag

• Increase speed, decrease induced drag
• Increase altitude, increase induced drag (bc air is less dense, you need to fly at a greater AoA)
• Increase angle of attack, increase induced drag

Question 25

What causes adverse yaw?

Answer 25

When an aircraft is rolled, the upper wing has increased induced drag, causing the aircraft to yaw

Question 26

What is Bernoullis principle?

Answer 26

An increase in velocity causes a decrease in pressure and temperature

Question 27

What causes an aircraft to turn?

Answer 27

The horizontal component of lift

Question 28

Define maneuvering speed

Answer 28

The max speed you can use with full, abrupt controls without over-stressing the aircraft
(Changes with weight)
106KIAS at 1764lbs in DA-20

Question 29

Stall speed increases with increased ___________, ______________, _________, _______, and _________.

Answer 29

Weight, forward CG, ice/snow on wings, turbulence, load factor (Gs)