A1 - Shapes Of Molecules And Ions Flashcards
What are the particles in a monoatomic structure and which substances do they include?
The particles are atoms, and they include group 0 elements.
What are the particles in a simple molecular structure and which substances do they include?
The particles are molecules, and they include most non-metal elements except group 0, and most non-metal compounds.
What are the particles in a giant covalent structure and which substances do they include?
The particles are atoms and they include diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide.
What are the particles in an ionic structure and which substances do they include?
They particles are ions and they include compounds containing both metals and non-metals.
What are the particles in a metallic structure and which substances do they include?
The particles are ions and delocalised electrons and they include metals.
What are the particles in a metallic structure and which substances do they include?
The particles are ions and delocalised electrons and they include metals.
What is the name of shape containing 2 electron pairs?
Linear.
What is the bond angle of a linear shape?
180°
What is the name of the shape containing 3 electron pairs (no lone pairs)?
Trigonal planar.
What is the bond angle of a trigonal planar shape?
120°
What is the name of the shape with 4 electron pairs (no lone pairs)?
Tetrahedral.
What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral shape?
109.5°
What is the name of the shape with 5 electron pairs (no lone pairs)?
Trigonal bipyramidal.
What is the bond angle in a trigonal bipyramidal shape?
120°, 90°
What is the name of the shape with 6 electron pairs?
Octahedral.
What is the bond angle in an octahedral shape (no lone pairs)?
90°
For each lone pair around an atom, bond angles are reduced by what?
-2.5°
What are the variations on shapes with 3 electron pairs?
- Trigonal planar - 3 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs
- Bent - 2 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair
What are the variations on shapes with 4 electron pairs?
- Tetrahedral - 4 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs
- Trigonal pyramidal - 3 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair
- Bent - 2 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs
What are the variations on shapes with 5 electron pairs?
- Trigonal bipyramidal - 5 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs
- Trigonal pyramidal - 4 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair
- Trigonal planar - 3 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs
What are the variations on shapes with 6 electron pairs?
- Octahedral - 6 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs
- Square pyramid - 5 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair
- Square planar - 4 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs
For each lone pair, how much are bond angles reduced by?
2.5°
