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Health Psychology > A1 - Psychological definitions > Flashcards

A1 - Psychological definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define health.

A
  • a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely absence of disease or infirmity
  • according to World Health Organisation 1948
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2
Q

Define biomedical health.

A
  • has dominated out view of health, where health and illness are seen as to separate things, your either healthy or ill
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3
Q

Define biopsychosocial health.

A
  • more complicated and suggests that health exists on a continuum
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4
Q

Which factors do biomedical health include and how is it treated?

A
  • physical or biological factors
  • illness treated physically (drugs or surgery)
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5
Q

What is the aim of treatment for biomedical health?

A
  • to return to pre-illness conditions
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6
Q

Which bio health is the dominant view of health in health care systems of industralised countries?

A
  • biomedical
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7
Q

What is biomedical health associated with?

A
  • medical sciences and technological advances
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8
Q

Who provided theories for biopsychosocial health and what did he argue?

A
  • George Engel 1977
  • that biomedical definition doe not take into account all factors playing a role in health and illness
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9
Q

What characteristics does the biopsychosocial health include?

A
  • biological
  • psychological/ behavioural (stress/ attitudes)
  • social environment (family/ culture)
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10
Q

What is the treatment associated with biopsychosocial health and the aims of this?

A
  • takes into account all three factors
  • to enhance a persons health rather than to make them ‘not ill’
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11
Q

What is the influence of biopsychosocial health on and what has it led to?

A
  • on mental health, not a matter of faulty biological functioning
  • led to educational programmes designed to promote healthy lifestyles
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12
Q

Define stress.

A
  • an emotional and physical response to a threatful situation
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13
Q

What can threats also be know as in association with stress?

A
  • stressors
  • either physical or emotional
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14
Q

What is a physical stressor?

A
  • work
  • environmental
  • temperature or noise
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15
Q

What is an emotional stressor?

A
  • family relative passing away
  • life events
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16
Q

How does the body respond to stress generically?

A
  • in a way based upon your perceived ability to cope
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17
Q

What is a less serious/ detrimental form of emotional stressor and what does this depend on?

A
  • could be everyday niggles
  • the workplace and personality types able to deal with stress differently
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18
Q

Define physiological stress response.

A
  • how the body physically responds to a stressor
  • increased heart rate/ sweating, feeling sick
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19
Q

Define psychological stress response.

A
  • the emotion you experience when you are stressed
  • anxiety
20
Q

Define eustress.

A
  • the belief that stress can be positive instead of negative
21
Q

What researcher provided evidence for eustress and what was it’s conclusion?

A
  • Yerkes Dorson law ‘inverted U’
  • showing that a small bit of anxiety can have a positive effect on performance
22
Q

What are the two responses to stress?

A
  • perceived ability to cope
  • perception of availability resources
23
Q

What is the perceived ability to cope?

A
  • psychological stress occurs when the perceived demands of your environment are greater than your perceived ability to cope with them
24
Q

What is the perception of availability resources?

A
  • refers to how we think about are ability to deal with stressors
  • resources can be internal (psychological) - resilience or external - social support, family peers
25
Q

Define addiction.

A
  • a complex psychological disorder, people can become addicted to a substance (heroin) or a behaviour (gambling)
26
Q

What do addictions provide?

A
  • a pleasurable experiences and people continue with them despite them having harmful consequences
27
Q

What does International classifications of disease (ICD-11) do?

A
  • puts addiction under the category of disorders or behaviours
28
Q

What are examples of substances addiction?

A
  • alcohol, cocaine, caffeine, smoking
29
Q

What are examples of behavioural addiction?

A
  • gambling and video games are the only official recognised ones but others include shopping, sex and internet use
30
Q

What is the two step process of physiological addiction?

A
  1. When a person stops taking the physical substance they experience withdrawal effects, and can lead to relapse
  2. Over time, the person needs a bigger dose of the substances to get the same effect (tolerance)
31
Q

What is the two step process of behavioural addiction?

A
  1. People can also become addicted to a behaviour
  2. The behaviour produces the same physical effects as a chemical substances, including tolerance and withdrawal
32
Q

Who designed the six components of addiction?

A
  • Mark Griffith’s 2005
33
Q

What are the six components of addiction in order?

A
  1. Physical and psychological dependence
  2. Tolerance
  3. Withdrawal
  4. Relapse
  5. Conflict
  6. Mood alteration
34
Q

What is physical and psychological dependence?

A
  • impossible for the person to lead a normal life without the substance or behaviour
  • most important activity
  • center of thinking, feelings and behaviour takes up most of their time
  • other positive behaviours are neglected or deteriorate
  • when not engaging in behaviour they are preoccupied with thoughts about it and crave it in it’s absence
35
Q

What is tolerance?

A
  • when an individual requires increased doses of the substance to achieve effects originally produced by lower doses
  • someone who repeatedly takes drug finds they get less of a buzz from their normal dose
  • behavioural = increasing amounts of needed
  • example = gamblers place bigger bets over periods to get a larger ‘rush’ from placing smaller bets
36
Q

What is withdrawal?

A
  • effects that occur when an individual suddenly reduces or ceases the addictive activity
  • short/ regular = lack of sleep, depression, anxiety and nausea
  • long/ serious = paranoia, seizures, confusion and hallucinations
  • symptoms can either be psychological or physiological
37
Q

What is relapse?

A
  • when a person repeatedly goes back to earlier patterns of dependent behaviour, after having given them up
  • sadly can happen after a very long period of abstinence or a short period
  • possible with many illnesses surrounding addiction
  • after rehabilitation they can return to drinking or drugs, so will not get better
  • people may relapse due to stress, times of celebration, health and withdrawal symptoms
38
Q

What are the two types of conflict?

A
  • Interpersonal conflict
  • Intrapersonal conflict
39
Q

What is interpersonal conflict?

A
  • between addicted people and other people
  • pursuit of short-term pleasure can cause conflict with others; parents, friends or spouse
  • other areas of life are ignored or neglected because the addict is not being successful in quitting their addiction despite the negative effect it has on those around them
40
Q

What is intrapersonal conflict?

A
  • within the addicted person
  • experience loss of control because they want to stop behaving in ways that are damaging but cannot do so
41
Q

What is mood alterations?

A
  • addict gets a rush or buzz when engaging in the behaviour
  • addict is able to use behaviour to bring out mood change
  • same chemical or behaviour can alter mood in different directions depending on time and setting (nicotine can stimulate in the morning or relax before sleep)
42
Q

Define tolerance.

A
  • after continued drinking, consumption of a constant amount of a substance produces a lesser effect or increasing amounts of a substance are necessary to produce the same effect
43
Q

Define dependence.

A
  • the situation in which you need something or someone at all times, especially in order to continue existing or operating
44
Q

Define withdrawal.

A
  • the unpleasant physical and mental effects that result when you stop doing or taking something, especially a drug that has become a habit
45
Q

Define relapse.

A
  • to become ill or start behaving badly again, after making an improvement
46
Q

Define addiction (simply).

A
  • an inability to stop doing or using something especially something harmful

Health Psychology (3 decks)

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