A1) Positive lifestyle factors and their effects on health and well-being

Question 1

Positive lifestyle factors

Answer 1

Exercise and physical activity
Balanced diet
Positive risk-taking activities
Government recommendations/guidelines

Question 2

Exercise and physical activity

Answer 2

Overwhelming evidence that exercise and physical activity leads to longer life expectancy
Reduces risk of chronic diseases

Question 3

Exercise and physical activity: Physical benefits

Answer 3

Strengthens bones
Improves posture
Reduces risk of chronic diseases
Improves body shape

Question 4

Exercise and physical activity: Psychological benefits

Answer 4

Relieves stress
Reduces stress
Improves mood

Question 5

Exercise and physical activity: Social benefits

Answer 5

Improves social skills
Enhances self-esteem

Question 6

Exercise and physical activity: Economic benefits

Answer 6

Reduces costs to the NHS
Reduces absenteeism from work

Question 7

Exercise and physical activity: Recommendations

Answer 7

Department for Health recommends at least 30 mins of moderate exercise 5 days a week
Roughly expends 200kcals

Question 8

Balanced diet: Eatwell Guide

Answer 8

UK government promotion of a balanced diet and the proportions

Question 9

Balanced diet: Benefits of a healthy diet

Answer 9

Improved immune function
Maintenance of body weight
Reduce risk of chronic disease

Question 10

Improved immune function

Answer 10

Poor diet → less efficient immune system & increases risk of illness
Illness → reduces appetite, creating a vicious circle
Healthy diet → boosts immune system & preventing cycle of poor nutrition

Question 11

Maintenance of body weight

Answer 11

Healthy diet & regular exercise → avoids excessive weight gain & maintains a healthy weight
Government recommendation - ‘5-a-day’
Low fat, low sugar, high nutrients

Question 12

Reduce risk of chronic disease

Answer 12

Reduces cholesterol
Keeps blood flowing and reduces heart disease and hypertension
Healthy diet → reduces risk of diabetes, cancer & osteoporosis

Question 13

Fluid intake requirements

Answer 13

Body fluids - 50-60% of adult body
Vital to remain hydrated
10% comes from metabolic processes (e.g. anaerobic respiration)
90% from diet: 60% from fluids, 30% - from food

Question 14

Moderation of caffeine intake

Answer 14

Addictive
Mild stimulant
No nutritional benefits
400mg caffeine (4-5 cups a day)
Excess → hypertension & digestive problems

Question 15

Strategies to improve dietary intake

Answer 15

Timing of meals
Breakfast
Eating close to bedtime
Eating less/more of certain food groups
5-a-day

Question 16

Timing of meals

Answer 16

Aiming to eat every 3-4 hours
Improves burning fat
Controls appetite
Balances stress hormones