A1 - Physical development Flashcards
what is the definition of growth?
growth is an increase in quantity, for example height or weight.
what is the definition of development?
development is complex changes in ability or skills.
what are the principles of development?
- physically
- intellectually
- emotionally
- socially
what are the principles of growth?
1.growth will vary
2. different parts of the body have different growth rates
3.childrens growth rates vary
4. typically boys grow at a faster rate to girls, men tend to be taller than women.
what is a centile chart and what is it used for?
centile charts represent the range of growth that is normal, they also show what percentage of people, on average, will grow at a particular rate. for example if a baby is on the 15th percentile then it means 15% of babies way less than them and 75% weigh more than them.
what’s the definition of gross motor skills?
whole body movements that involve the large muscles within the body.
what’s the definition of fine motor skills?
whole body movements that involve the smaller muscles within the body.
what is puberty?
puberty is a period of rapid growth which young people reach sexual maturity and become biologically able to reproduce.
when does puberty typically start for males and females?
puberty usually starts in females at age 11-13. typically, boys start puberty later at around 13-15 years old.
what is the definition of primary sexual characteristics?
it is features we are born with that help us identify as male or female. for example a vagina for females and a penis for males.
what is the definition of secondary sexual characteristics.
features that appears at puberty. for example for males it would be the voice breaking and for females it would be hips widening.
what are the roles of hormones in females?
the main hormones are progesterone and oestrogen. the ovaries begin to produce these two hormones which are responsible for changes in ovulation and menstruation. the first period is significant as it marks the start of fertility.
what are the role of hormones in males?
the main male hormone is testosterone. the testes begin to produce testosterone which stimulates sperm production, indicating the onset of fertility. testosterone is also responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
what hormonal changes occur during pregnancy?
theirs an increase in progesterone which maintains the pregnancy and theirs an increase in oestrogen which may be responsible for the sickness.
hormones also affect the shape of the breast, for example darkened veins due to increase in blood supply.
what is perimenopause?
perimenopause is when the ovaries gradually begin to make less oestrogen, meaning the ovaries stop producing an egg each month. it lasts until menopause commences, on average 4 years.
