A1 : How Cells Work

Question 1

(Cell) Membrane

Answer 1

Outer coating which selectively transports substances into and out of the cell

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Control centre of the cell, contains DNA and regulates specialist functions

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Manufacture other proteins and are made of Ribonucleic Acid

Question 4

Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 4

Manufactures, stores and transports materials within and outside of the cell

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Powerhouse of the cell, supplies energy in the form of ATP

Question 6

Centrioles

Answer 6

Essential for / aid in cell division

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Contain enzymes which digest worn out parts of the cell for recycling and elimination of waste products

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

Modifies and stores manufactured proteins and transports it out of the cell

Question 9

Cell functions

Answer 9

Respiration : Cells require and absorb oxygen to produce heat and energy
Growth : Cells grow to maturity
Excretion : Waste products pass through the membrane
Irritability : Cells can respond to a physical, chemical or thermal stimulus

Question 10

Cell division

Answer 10

Human cells reproduce by the process of mitosis when structures like chromosomes and centrioles replicate. The cell then divides into two identical daughter cells

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Answer 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carries cells genes as chromosomes. Genes are “coded instructions” for making proteins and for cell functions

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

Protein catalysts which speed up the rate of reactions. They also enable metabolic reactions at low temperatures and are involved in all cell functions