A1 - Extraction of Titanium Flashcards
What properties of titanium make it suitable for use in hip replacements?
Strong, lightweight, non-toxic, unreactive, malleable
What is the formula of titanium (IV) oxide?
TiO2
What is the name of TiO2?
Titanium (IV) oxide
What ore contains tiatanium (IV) oxide?
Rutile
What does the ore rutile contain?
TiO2
What is the name of the process used to extract titanium from TiO2?
Kroll process
What is the Kroll process used for?
Extracting Ti from TiO2
What is TiO2 reacted with in the first reactor in the Kroll process?
C and Cl2
What is TiO2 converted into in the first stage in the Kroll process?
TiCl4
What are the by-products of the first stage of the Kroll process?
CO2 or CO
Write a reaction equation for TiO2 reacting with C and Cl2 in the first stage of the Kroll process
TiO2 + C + 4Cl2 → TiCl4 + CO2
What is TiCl4 reacted with in the second stage of the Kroll process?
Na or Mg
What type of reaction happens between TiCl4 and Na or Mg in stage 2 of the Kroll process?
Reduction
What is a reduction?
Gain of electrons
What type of process involves gain of electrons?
Reduction
What substance is used to reduce TiCl4 in stage 2 of the Kroll process?
Na or Mg
What is TiCl4 converted into in the second stage of the Kroll process?
Ti
What is the byproduct of the second stage of the Kroll process?
NaCl or MgCl2
Write a reaction equation for TiCl4 reacting with Na in the second stage of the Kroll process
TiCl4 + 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl
Write a reaction equation for TiCl4 reacting with Mg in the second stage of the Kroll process
TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2
What is reactor 2 filled with in the Kroll process?
Ar gas
Why does reactor 2 in the Kroll process need to be filled with Ar gas?
TiCl4 would react with O2. Ar is used because it doesn’t react with TiCl4
What are the main disadvantages of the Kroll process?
Requires high temperatures, which are expensive. Takes a long time. It is complex and has multiple steps.
