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Human Biology > A1 Biological Molecules > Flashcards

A1 Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the meaning and formula of carbohydrates?

A

Hydrated carbon and Cn(H2O)n (n is the number of carbon atoms)

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2
Q

What is the use of carbohydrate in the body?

A

ATP production, energy storage, structural support, lipid metabolism

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3
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

They are monomers, a single carbohydrate molecule.

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4
Q

What happens two monosaccharides bond together by a glycosidic bond?

A

They form a disaccharide. An example of this is a sucrose.

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5
Q

What happens when more than two monosaccahardes bond together?

A

They form a complex carbohydrate called a polysaccharide e.g starch and glycogen

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6
Q

What are the properties of monosaccharides?

A

They are soluble in water, form crystals, and taste sweet

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7
Q

How are monosaccharides classified?

A

By the number of carbon atoms they have

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8
Q

What are the types of monosaccharide sugars?

A

3-carbon triode, 5-carbon pentose, 6-carbon hexose

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9
Q

What is glucose?

A

A hexose monosaccharide

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10
Q

Glucose molecules are…

A

Polar and soluble in water

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11
Q

What is the function of alpha glucose?

A

Respiration in animals and plants

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12
Q

What is the function of beta glucose?

A

They join together to form a polymer called cellulose which is a polysaccharide used in the structure of plants

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13
Q

What are some common examples of disaccharides?

A

Maltose, lactose, and sucrose

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14
Q

How can the bond between a glycosidic bond be broken?

A

Adding water, this is known as hydrolysis reaction

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15
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Polymers of monosaccharides.

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16
Q

What does a polysaccharide consist of?

A

Thousands of monosaccharide monomers bonded together to form a single large molecule

17
Q

What does a polysaccharide consist of?

A

Thousands of monosaccharide monomers bonded together to form a single large molecule

18
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A

Amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and cellulose

19
Q

What is amylose composed of?

A

Unbranched chains of glucose monomers connected by alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkages

20
Q

What does amylopectin consist of?

A

1,4 glycosidic bonds and 1,6 glycosidic bonds

21
Q

What is the function of amylopectin?

A

To store glucose for later use as an energy source. E.g plants store excess glucose in the form of starch

22
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

Stores excess energy for later use. Animals store excess in the form of glycogen.

23
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small chemical unit that makes up a polymer e.g monosaccharide, amino acids, nucleotides

24
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Large molecule formed from combinations of many monomers bonded together e.g carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid

Human Biology (7 decks)

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