Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

hs > A1 > Flashcards

A1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by the term growth

A

an increase in some measured quantity eg. height / weight (MEASURED)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is meant by the term development

A

complex changes including an acquisition of skills, abilities and capabilities (OBSERVED)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

state the life stages with ages

A 
birth and infancy: 0-2 years
early childhood: 3-8 years
adolescence: 9-18 years
early adulthood: 19-45
middle adulthood: 46-65
later adulthood: 65+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are centile lines?

A

they are lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are milestones?

A

they describe an ability achieved by most children by a certain age, it can be P,S,E, cognitive and communication skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are development norms?

A

a description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child’s development. eg. by 12m an infant should be able to stand alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is meant by physical development?

A

growth and other physical changes that happen to our body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is meant by intellectual development?

A

the development of language, memory and thinking skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is meant by emotional development?

A

the ability to cope with feelings about ourselves and towards others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is meant by social development?

A

the ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are gross motor skills?

A

they are large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body eg. rolling over, kicking a ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are fine motor skills?

A

involve small movements that require more precise direction and use smaller muscles eg. writing / turning a page

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

state gross motor skills during infancy: 0-2 years

A

0: primitive reflexes
3months: can lift head when lying on front
6months: rolls over
9-10 months: begins to cruise
12-13 months: stands alone / walk without help
2 years: throws a large ball
2 1/2years: kicks a ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

state fine motor skills during infancy

A

0: holds thumbs tucked into their hands
6 months: moves objects from hand to hand
9-10 months: uses finger and thumb to hold a small object
12-13 months: manipulates and places toys
2 years: draws lines and circles / turns page
2 1/2 years: uses a spoon / fork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

state milestones infants reach

A

sitting up
standing - 12-13m
cruise - 9-10m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

state gross motor skills during early childhood: 3-8 years

A

3-4 years: use pedals to ride a tricycle / run forwards / backwards / walks along a line /
5 years: hops confidently
6-7 years: skip / ride a bike
8 years: good strength and body coordination / developed the large muscles in legs and arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

state fine motor skills during early childhood

A

3-4 years: use a pencil to copy letters / build a tower with cubes
5 years: buttons and unbuttons clothing
8 years: joins up writing

18
Q

what is meant by adolescence

A

important status change following the onset of puberty where a young person develops from a child into an adult
during this life stage individuals experience physical and growth changes

19
Q

what are primary sexual characteristics

A

changes and development of reproductive organs present at birth

20
Q

what are secondary sexual characteristics

A

outward signs of development

develop during puberty, when sex hormones are released

21
Q

primary sexual characteristics - FEMALE

A

uterus enlarges and the vagina lengthens
ovaries begin to release eggs
the menstrual cycle begins

22
Q

primary sexual characteristics - MALE

A

penis enlargen
prostate gland produces secretions
testes enlarges and produces sperm

23
Q

secondary sexual characteristics - FEMALE

A

breasts develop and the areola swells and darkens
hair grows in armpits and pubic area
redistribution of body fat causing hips to widen

24
Q

secondary sexual characteristics - MALE

A

changes in larynx causes voice to deepen
hair grows in armpits and pubic area, facial hair
redistribution of muscle tissue and fat

25
Q

what is meant by puberty

A

period of rapid growth where young people reach sexual maturity, and become able to reproduce, sexual characteristics develop

26
Q

what ages do girls and boys go through puberty

A

girls: 11-13
boys: 13-15

27
Q

what hormones do girls have?

A

the hormone oestrogen and progesterone are produced by the ovaries, they stimulate the growth of breasts and reproductive system and help to regulate the menstrual cycle

28
Q

what hormone do boys have?

A

the hormone testosterone is produced by the testes, it stimulates growth of the penis, pubic hair growth and the development of muscle and lowering the voice.

29
Q

describe early adulthood

A

between the ages 19 - 45, individuals reach maturation
they are at the peak of their physical performance age 19-28.
reached full height, strength and reaction time is quickest.
sexual characteristics are fully developed, women are at their most fertile

30
Q

at what age do women go through the perimenopause?

A

40 -45, women reach the end of their reproductive years
it lasts until the menopause, women gradually begin to make less oestrogen, so the ovaries stop producing an egg each month

31
Q

symptoms of the perimenopause

A 
physical:
hot flushes
night sweats
breast tenderness
mood swings
loss of libido 
vaginal dryness
32
Q

describe the middle adulthood life stage

A

between 46 - 65
females enter the menopause
risk of miscarriage and pregnancy complications rise with age

33
Q

what is the menopause

A

it is a natural physiological change
gradual ending of menstruation
reduction in the sex hormones o&p = loss of libido

34
Q

what does the reduction in oestrogen cause?

A

ovaries stop producing eggs
thinning and shrinkage of vagina
affects the hypothalamus in the brain which regulates temperature, causing hot flushes and night sweats
mood swings as oestrogen regulates neurotransmitters that affect mood

35
Q

what does a reduction in oestrogen and progesterone cause

A

gradually stops menstruation

impacts libido

36
Q

effects of the perimenopause and menopause

A

hormonal changes can lead to mood changes, depression and anxiety, feeling overwhelmed that they can no longer have children which can impact their self image of being a ‘desirable’ woman / self-esteem may decrease

37
Q

describe effects of the aging process

A

less elasticity of the skin - less collagen is produced which makes the skin become thinner / more fragile
loss of muscle mass
reduction in vision / hearing
thinning of hair
higher suceptability to disease / infection
loss of stamina
less mobility of GMS / FMS

38
Q

describe three physical symptoms of the perimenopause

A

hot flushes - due to the hypothalamus which regulates body temp
fatigue - extreme tiredness
loss of libido - lower levels of oestrogen = vaginal dryness

39
Q

outline 3 physical effects a person age 85 may experience

A

weakened immune system - natrual biological decline
deterioration of sight - eye muscles weaken
deterioration of hearing - loss of sound signals reaching the brain
loss of 5cm - changes in posture and compression of the spinal discs and joints

40
Q

what is meant by the term life expectancy

A

an estimate of the number of years, on average that a person can expect to live

41
Q

negative and positive effects of ageing

A

mobility becomes more difficult- small changes in the brain including loss / shrinkage of nerve cells and a general slowing of movement / responses
more susceptable to accidents / falls due to a lack of muscular strength / balance problems
ageing DOES NOT impact cognitive ability, but can affect how individuals process info

42
Q

what is cognitive impairment

A

when a person has difficulty remembering, learning new skills and concentrating

hs (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions