A1 Flashcards
wie
Synonyms
(when, than): als (more properly standard)
Adverb
how
Conjunction
1.like
2.as
Wie ihr wisst, bin ich in Dortmund aufgewachsen.
As you know, I grew up in Dortmund.
Ich bin so schnell wie du.
I’m as fast as you are.
+(colloquial, nonstandard)
than
(chiefly colloquial) when (referring to the past)
Ich hab ihn gesehen, wie ich in Köln war.
I saw him when I was in Cologne.
from Proto-Germanic *hwē; cognate with Gothic 𐍈𐌴 (ƕē). The latter is a variant of Proto-Germanic *hwī, whence English why, and is further a fossiled instrumental case of *hwaz, *hwat (“who, what”). Form 1 is also related to this stem.
heißen
Alternative forms
heissen (Switzerland, Liechtenstein)
haißen, hayßen, heyßen (obsolete)
(copulative) to have a name; to be named; to be called; but implying that one “owns” this name, not necessarily that one goes by it
-گفتن، گفته شدن
Es heißt, dass …
― It is said that …; They say that …
hight (v.)
“named, called” (archaic), from levelled past participle of Middle English highte, from Old English hatte “I am called” (passive of hatan “to call, name, command”) merged with heht “called,” active past tense of the same verb. Hatte was the only survival in Old English of the old Germanic synthetic passive tense. Proto-Germanic *haitanan “to call, summon,” also is the source of Old Norse heita, Dutch heten, German heißen,
wer
Etymology
From Middle High German wër, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ. Related to wo
IPA(key): /veːr/, [veːɐ̯], [vɛɐ̯], [ʋ-]
(interrogative) who (what person or people)
(indefinite, colloquial) somebody, someone; anybody, anyone (an unspecified person)
Synonyms: jemand, einer
Da ist wer an der Tür. ― There’s somebody at the door.
(someone): The colloquial wer meaning “someone” cannot usually be the first word in a main clause, because it could be misinterpreted as an interrogative in this position. The only exception is when it is followed by a nominalized adjective:
Wer Neues ist in die Mannschaft gekommen. – Someone new joined the team.
interrogation
IPA(key): /ɪnˌteɹ.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
from inter- (“between; among”) + rogō (“ask; request”). Equivalent to inter- + rogation.
The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.
inquiry
Alternative forms
enquiry
in- (“in, at, on; into”) + quaerō (“I seek, look for”),
(General American) IPA(key): /ɪnˈ kwaɪ(ə)ɹi/, /ˈɪnkwɪɹi/, /ɪŋˈ k-/, /ˈ ɪŋk-/
The act of inquiring; a seeking of information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.
Search for truth, information, or knowledge; examination of facts or principles; research; investigation
Scientific inquiry
Usage notes
According to Fowler’s Modern English Usage (1926), inquiry should be used in relation to a formal inquest, and enquiry to the act of questioning. Many (though not all) British writers maintain this distinction; the Oxford English Dictionary, in its entry not updated since 1900, lists inquiry and enquiry as equal alternatives, in that order. Some British dictionaries, such as Chambers 21st Century Dictionary [1], present the two spellings as interchangeable variants in the general sense, but prefer inquiry for the “formal inquest” sense. In Australian English, inquiry represents a formal inquest (such as a government investigation) while enquiry is used in the act of questioning (eg: the customer enquired about the status of his loan application). Both spellings are current in Canadian English, where enquiry is often associated with scholarly or intellectual research. (See Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage, p. 282.)
American English usually uses inquiry.
austria in german
💙die Österreich
Spain
🤍das Spanien🤍
Russia
🤍das Russland🤍
/ˈɹʊsː.lant/
France
🤍das Frankreich🤍
[ˈfraŋkraiç]
Der Iran or Das Iran
https://der-die-das-train.com/Iran
“Iran” can have both masculine and neutral gender . The article is always used for “Iran” as masculine, for “Iran” as neuter only if “Iran” is used in a certain quality, at a certain point in time or period as the subject
als
Conjunction
als
(subordinating, referring to time of occurrence) at (approximately) the same moment; when; while; as
(used with a comparison or as an exception) than
Zwei ist größer als eins. ― Two is greater than one.
(after negative pronoun) **but, other than **
Er sagt nichts anderes als die Wahrheit. ― He tells nothing other than the truth.
Doch die zwei Königstöchter Hildegard und Berta gewahrten nichts als den weissen Hirsch […].
But the two princesses Hildegard and Berta saw nothing but the white hart.
as; like; in the function of; in the form of
Wir sind Feinde, aber im Moment müssen wir uns als Freunde verhalten. ― We are enemies, but for now we must act like friends.
Als in the sense of “than” does not govern case. The case of the standard of comparison depends on its syntactic function:
Sie liebt das Kind mehr als ihr Mann. (nominative) — “She loves the child more than her husband does.”
Sie liebt das Kind mehr als ihren Mann. (accusative) — “She loves the child more than she loves her husband.”
bei
B: we can say that “at” is the translation which works every single time on every occasion.
Alternative forms
bey
Etymology
From Middle High German bī, from Old High German bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi. More at by.
Preposition
bei (+ dative)
(locative) by; near
die Bank bei der Kirche ― the bench/bank by the church
die Bäckerei beim Bahnhof ― the bakery near the train station
(with a person, family, shop) at
Ich schlafe bei Peter. ― I’m sleeping at Peter’s [place].
Ich bin beim Metzger. ― I’m at the butcher’s.
(with an organization or company) for; at; in**
(formal, reflexive) with; on
Er hat es nicht bei sich. ― He doesn’t have it on him.
→ for which usually: Er hat es nicht dabei.
(with an event considered certain) upon, at the time of
bei Abfahrt des Zuges ― upon departure of the train
(with an event considered theoretical) in case of, in the event of
bei Hochwasser ― in case of flooding
(with an event considered theoretical)** in case of, in the event of**
bei Hochwasser ― in case of flooding
(with an item that implies an activity) over; during
bei einem Glas Wein ― over a glass of wine (that is, while drinking it)
bei einem Film ― during a film (that is, while watching it)
Usage notes
When bei is followed by the definite article dem (“the”), the two words contract to beim. However, when dem is a demonstrative pronoun, no contraction occurs. Compare:
Der Baum steht zu nah beim Haus. – “The tree is too close to the house.”
(now dialectal, nonstandard, northern and central Germany, with accusative) with, to, towards
Leg dat bei die andern Sachen! ― Put that with the other things!
Komm ma bei mich! ― Come to me!
+
nebenbei
Univerbation of neben + bei.
IPA(key): /neːbm̩ˈbaɪ̯/, /neːbn̩ˈbaɪ̯/
besides, additionally, along the way
by the way
Und so ganz nebenbei: Ich find dich super!
And by the way: I think you’re awesome!
Ingenieur
Borrowed from Middle French ingénieur.
IPA(key): /ˌɪnʒeˈnjøːɐ̯/ (standard)
IPA(key): /ˌɪnʒəˈnœɐ̯/ (typically in common speech)
Ingenieur m (strong, genitive Ingenieurs, plural Ingenieure, feminine Ingenieurin)
engineer
Mechatronik
/meçaˈtʁoːnɪk/
mechatronics (synergistic combination)
Mechatronics engineering, also called mechatronics, is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the integration of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and software engineering, and also includes a combination of robotics, computer science, telecommunications,
Mechatronics engineering is the design of computer-controlled electromechanical systems. The essence of it is that the design of the mechanical system must be performed together with the design of the electrical/electronic and computer control aspects that together, comprise a complete system.
Mechanik
/meˈçaːnɪk/, /mɛˈçaːnɪk/
Die Mechanik f (genitive Mechanik, plural Mechaniken)
mechanics
Mechanik + -er
IPA(key): /meˈçaːnikɐ/
Mechaniker m (strong, genitive Mechanikers, plural Mechaniker, feminine Mechanikerin)
(often in compounds) mechanic, repairman, fitter, mechanician, machinist
(colloquial) Ellipsis of Automechaniker.; auto mechanic
schauspieler
Verb
schauspieler
singular imperative of schauspielern
(colloquial) first-person singular present of schauspielern
Schauspieler
Schauspiel + -er
[ˈʃaʊ̯ˌʃpiːlɐ]
actor (male or of unspecified gender)
Synonym: Darsteller
Schauspieler m (strong, genitive Schauspielers, plural Schauspieler, feminine Schauspielerin)
Darsteller
From darstellen + -er.
IPA(key): /ˈdaːɐ̯ʃtɛlɐ/
Darsteller m (strong, genitive Darstellers, plural Darsteller)
(theater, film) actor, player, performer
darstellen
From dar- + stellen.
IPA(key): /ˈdaːʁˌʃtɛlən/, [ˈdaːɐ̯ˌʃtɛln]
Verb
darstellen (weak, third-person singular present stellt dar, past tense stellte dar, past participle dargestellt, auxiliary haben)
to depict; represent
to personate
to pose
to show
Schüler
analyzable as Schule + -er.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈʃyːlɐ/
Schüler m (strong, genitive Schülers, plural Schüler, feminine Schülerin)
(school) pupil, student, schoolboy (male or of unspecified gender)
disciple (male or of unspecified gender)
journalistin
IPA(key): /ˌʒʊʁnaˈlɪstɪn/
Journalistin f (genitive Journalistin, plural Journalistinnen, masculine Journalist)
journalist (female)
Journalist
Etymology
Borrowed from French journaliste.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˌʒʊʁnaˈlɪst/
Journalist m (weak, genitive Journalisten, plural Journalisten, feminine Journalistin)
journalist (male or of unspecified gender)
Friseurin
Alternative forms
Frisörin
Etymology
Friseur (“hairdresser, haircutter, friseur”) + -in (“female”)
Noun
Friseurin f (genitive Friseurin, plural Friseurinnen, masculine Friseur)
Friseur
Alternative forms
Frisör
/friˈzøːr/, [fʁiˈzøːɐ̯], [fʁɪ-], [-ˈzœɐ̯]
Architektin
Noun
Architektin f (genitive Architektin, plural Architektinnen, masculine Architekt)
architect (female)
Architekt
der Architekt
Borrowed from Latin architectus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /aʁçiˈtɛkt/
Architekt m (weak, genitive Architekten, plural Architekten, feminine Architektin)
architect (male or of unspecified gender)
Architektur
German
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin architectūra.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /aʁçitɛkˈtuːɐ̯/
Architektur f (genitive Architektur, plural Architekturen)
architecture
Sekretärin
Noun
Sekretärin f (genitive Sekretärin, plural Sekretärinnen, masculine Sekretär)
زِکغِتیغن
یا تِیغن ولی اون مدلی اِی میشه که مثل اِ هست که شنیده میشه
انگاری فرق این اِ با اِ های قبلی اینه که کشیده تره
female secretary
Sekretär
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /zekreˈtɛːr/, [ze-], [ˌzɛ-], [ˌzeː-], [-kʁe-], [-kʁə-], [-ˈtɛ(ː)ɐ̯], [-ˈte(ː)ɐ̯]
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sekret%C3%A4r#German
Ärztin
Arzt + -in, with umlaut
Ärztin f (genitive Ärztin, plural Ärztinnen, masculine Arzt)
(medical) doctor, physician (female)
Arzt
From Middle High German arzet, from Old High German arzat, from Latin archīāter (“physician”), from Ancient Greek ἀρχίατρος (arkhíatros), from ἀρχι- (arkhi-) + ἰατρός (iatrós).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [aːɐ̯tst] (standard)
IPA(key): [aːts(t)] (common; particularly northern and central Germany)
IPA(key): [aʁt͡st]
Noun
Arzt m (strong, genitive Arztes or Arzts, plural Ärzte, feminine Ärztin)
doctor, physician (male or of unspecified gender) (without necessarily having a postgraduate degree)
Der Lehrer
from Old High German lērāri; equivalent to lehren + -er.
IPA(key): /ˈleːrər/, [ˈleːʁɐ]
Lehrer m (strong, genitive Lehrers, plural Lehrer, feminine Lehrerin)
agent noun of lehren: one who teaches, teacher, instructor, especially a school teacher
Verkäufer
IPA(key): /fɛɐ̯ˈkɔɪ̯fɐ/
Verkäufer m (strong, genitive Verkäufers, plural Verkäufer, feminine Verkäuferin)
agent noun of verkaufen
seller (one who sells something)
Kellnerin
Kellnerin f (genitive Kellnerin, plural Kellnerinnen, masculine Kellner)
waitress, waiter (female)
Synonyms: Serviererin, Bedienung; (Switzerland) Saaltochter
Doch
IPA(key): /dɔx/ (standard)
IPA(key): /dɔ/, /do/ (chiefly southern Germany and Austria by influence of Bavarian; also in northern Germany in some positions, e.g. before nicht)
Particle
doch
(in response to a negative question or statement)
ب: میتونیم توی ترجمه فارسی اتفاقا یا چرا ترجمه کنیم! چرا به معنای چرا اتفاقا
**Conjunction
though; yet; but; however; nevertheless
for all that; after all; but
Adverb
after all; yet; however; nevertheless
really; just
indicates proposal Why don’t you/we
Komm doch mal mit.
Why don’t you just come [with us]?
doch
after all; yet; however; nevertheless
really; just
indicates proposal Why don’t you/we
Komm doch mal mit.
Why don’t you just come [with us]?
Usage notes
(really, just): As an emphatic particle, doch often stresses a contrast or a certainty. It is used more frequently in German than its nearest English equivalents and is often best translated into English by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.
Conjunction
From Old French conjonction, from Latin coniūnctiō (“joining”), from coniungere (“to join”)
پیوند واژه
و، یا، تا، اگر، که، ولی، اگرچه، بلکه
a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).
2.
the action or an instance of two or more events or things occurring at the same point in time or space.
The act of joining, or condition of being joined.
Synonyms: connection, union
(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.
1881, Alfred Ayres [pseudonym; Thomas Embly Osmun], The Verbalist[2]:
A comma is placed between short members of compound sentences, connected by and, but, for, nor, or, because, whereas, that expressing purpose (so that, in order that), and other conjunctions.
Cooccurrence; coincidence.
(astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth.
Antonym: opposition
(astrology) An aspect in which planets are in close proximity to one another.
(logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ (
∧{\displaystyle \land }) operator.
Coordinate term: disjunction
A place where multiple things meet
Geschieden
Participle
geschieden
past participle of scheiden
Adjective
geschieden (strong nominative masculine singular geschiedener, not comparable)
divorced
Verb
geschieden
scheiden
IPA(key): /ˈʃaɪ̯dən/, [ˈʃaɪ̯dən], [ˈʃaɪ̯dn̩]
From Middle High German scheiden, and English shed
scheiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present scheidet, past tense schied, past participle geschieden, auxiliary haben or sein)
(transitive, dated, literary) to separate
(intransitive or reflexive, dated, literary) to leave one another; to part; to be separated; to be divided
(transitive) to dissolve (a marriage); to divorce (a couple)
Der Richter weigerte sich, die Ehe zu scheiden. ― The judge refused to dissolve the marriage.
(transitive, with lassen) to have (a marriage) dissolved
Sie wollen ihre Ehe scheiden lassen. ― They want to dissolve their marriage.
(reflexive, with lassen) to divorce (one’s spouse); to get a divorce (from one’s spouse)
Meine Frau will sich von mir scheiden lassen. ― My wife wants to divorce me.
Usage notes
The perfect auxiliary is haben in transitive and reflexive uses, and always in constructions with lassen. In intransitive uses, the auxiliary is sein, but such instances are rare in contemporary German. Note that in a phrase like Sie ist geschieden (“She’s divorced”), the verb sein is the copula, not the perfect auxiliary.
The present participle scheidend has an idiomatic sense “retiring, resigning, about to be replaced”: der scheidende Vorstandsvorsitzende — “the retiring CEO”.
Lebe
live
Synonyms
wohnen
leben (weak, third-person singular present lebt, past tense lebte, past participle gelebt, auxiliary haben)
(intransitive, hyperbolic) to cope with, to live with, to deal with
lebt
IPA(key): /leːpt/
Spanisch
das Spanisch
/ˈʃpaːnɪʃ/
In Spanish, the emphasis is normally on the second syllable.
Adjective
spanisch (strong nominative masculine singular spanischer, comparative spanischer, superlative am spanischsten)
(relational) Spanish
strange, outlandish, suspicious, incomprehensible (chiefly in spanisch vorkommen)
französisch
Französisch
IPA(key): /fʁanˈt͡søːzɪʃ/
französisch (strong nominative masculine singular französischer, not comparable)
(relational) French
(colloquial, relational) oral sex
Er verwöhnte sie französisch ― He pleasured her orally
Französisch = French language
Italian
Italienisch
beruflich
/u:/
Adjective
beruflich (strong nominative masculine singular beruflicher, not comparable)
professional
Adverb
beruflich
professionally
Lied
Alternative forms
Leed (Ripuarian, northern Moselle Franconian)
(Austria) IPA(key): /ˈliːt/
Homophones: Lid, lieht
Das Lied n (strong, genitive Liedes or Lieds, plural Lieder, diminutive Liedchen n or Liedlein n)
(music) song (musical composition sung with vocals or vocal lyrics)
Das Handy
Handy n (strong, genitive Handys, plural Handys or (now nonstandard) Handies)
