A03

Question 1

The study has ___ _________ validity

Answer 1

The study has High Ecological validity

Question 2

What is ecological validity?

Answer 2

Ecological validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalized to real-life settings

Question 3

How did Sherif’s study have ecological validity?

Answer 3

it was a natural experiment where behaviour observed was relatively naturally occurring

Question 4

What is the Hawthorn effect?

Answer 4

The Hawthorne effect is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed

Question 5

What were the boys unaware of that increases the Validity of the study?

Answer 5

Boys were unaware they were being observed, thought the researchers were part of the camp staff.

Question 6

What was revealed years later in interviews which decreased the validity of the study?

Answer 6

They revealed that the boys were aware of the audio equipment present in the camp and were suspicious

Question 7

Who carried out a study based on the Robbers cave experiment to prove that the experiment wasn’t in a natural condition

Answer 7

Tyerman & Spencer

Question 8

What did they conclude?

Answer 8

• They found no hostility between groups & competition didn’t lead to hostility

Question 9

What year did Tyerman and Spencer carry out their study?

Answer 9

1983

Question 10

Why did Tyerman and Spencer say that the study was not a natural condition?

Answer 10

They said that strangers rarely meet and compete against each other

Question 11

How were the boys chosen?

Answer 11

They were chosen out fo a sample of 200 boys, they were selected based on gender, age, IQ, social class religion. Matched as close as possible.

Question 12

Why did Sherif want the boys to be the same?

Answer 12

To prevent individual differences in characters affecting the boys behaviour

Question 13

How is the sample Gender Bais?

Answer 13

Only used boys

Question 14

Why did the boys having good athletic ability and being keen on sports effect the study?

Answer 14

Could explain the degree of conflict between the boys as they were naturally more competitive

Question 15

At the end of the first phase what was already been shown within the groups?

Answer 15

Hostility to the other groups was already being shown before competition

Question 16

What did the boys showing Hostility before competition suggest? and what did it go against?

Answer 16

Suggests that the mere presence of another group is enough to create conflict. Goes against Realistic conflict theory.

Question 17

Who gave consent for the boys to be involved?

Answer 17

Parents

Question 18

Who was deceived?

Answer 18

The boys were deceived as they thought the study was for leadership, didn’t give fully informed consent.

Question 19

What was Sherif running out of when he carried out this experiment?

Answer 19

funding, as he had spent a considerable amount on his first 2 studies.

Question 20

What could the lack of funding have caused Sherif to do?

Answer 20

Induce high levels of conflict and hostility between the groups to ensure a successful outcome

Question 21

What was not published from the study?

Answer 21

Research notes

Question 22

What did the unpublished notes suggest?

Answer 22

That researchers may not have been as independent as they were “told” to be. reported they may g=have encouraged Intergroup hostility and creating opportunities for conflict