A01 Key terms

Question 1

Superlative

Answer 1

Prefix “est” is used to denote the highest form.

Question 2

Interrogative sentence

Answer 2

A question

Question 3

Declarative sentence

Answer 3

A statement

Question 4

Imperative sentence

Answer 4

A demand

Question 5

Hypophora

Answer 5

A rhetorical question which is immediately answered.

Question 6

Asyndetic listing

Answer 6

A list without any conjunctions.

Question 7

Syndetic listing

Answer 7

A list with a conjunction.

Question 8

Dynamic verb

Answer 8

An action eg. run, sleep, walk

Question 9

Stative verb

Answer 9

A thought process eg. thinking, dreaming, contemplating.

Question 10

Types of clauses -

Answer 10

Main, Subordinate, Embedded
Main - Can stand on its own.
Subordinate - Can’t stand on its own.
Embedded Clause/ Parentheses - [ ]

Question 11

Figurative language

Answer 11

Language used in a non-literal way in order to describe something in another’s terms eg. simile or metaphor.

Question 12

Hypernyms

Answer 12

Words that label categories eg. animals

Question 13

Hyponyms

Answer 13

Words that can be included in a more general category eg. rabbit and dog in the hypernym animal.

Question 14

Levels of formality

Answer 14

Vocabulary styles eg. slang, colloquialisms, taboo, formal and fixed levels.

Question 15

Occupational register

Answer 15

A technical vocabulary associated with a particular occupation/activity.

Question 16

Sociolect

Answer 16

A language style associated with a particular social group.

Question 17

Semantic change

Answer 17

The process of words changing meaning eg. narrowing, broadening, amelioration, pejoration, semantic reclamation.
Narrowing - The meaning of a word becomes less general/inclusive than its earlier meaning.
Broadening - Becomes broader or more inclusive than its earlier meaning.
Reclamation - An oppressed group redefines a slur and how it has been used against them.
Pejoration - The meaning of a word gets worse.
Amelioration - The meaning of a word improves.

Question 18

Morpheme

Answer 18

The smallest grammatical unit.

Question 19

Free morpheme

Answer 19

A morpheme that can stand on its own as a word.

Question 20

Bound morpheme

Answer 20

A morpheme that cannot stand on its own as a word, but combines with others to create a new word.

Question 21

Head word

Answer 21

The central word in a phrase which gives the phrase its name eg. noun phrase, adjective phrase and may be modified.

Question 22

Active voice

Answer 22

A clause where the doer of an action is the subject.

Question 23

Passive voice

Answer 23

A clause where the person is affected by an action.

Question 24

Aspect

Answer 24

Another element of marking the time of an event, by specifying whether they are progressive (ongoing) or perfective (completed).

Question 25

Coordination

Answer 25

The joining of two or more independent clauses via coordinating conjunctions.

Question 26

Subordination

Answer 26

The joining of two or more clauses, where only one is independent and the others dependent.

Question 27

Implicature

Answer 27

An implied meaning that has to be inferred as a result of a conversational maxim being broken.

Question 28

Irony

Answer 28

Using language to signal an attitude other than what has been literally expressed.

Question 29

Adverbials

Answer 29

Typically express place, time and manner.

Question 30

Adjuncts

Answer 30

Non essential elements of clauses that can be omitted. eg. "I'll see you in the morning".

Question 31

Disjuncts

Answer 31

Sentence adverbs that work to express an attitude or stance towards material that follows eg. "Sadly, not one of them survived."

Question 32

Anaphoric reference

Answer 32

Making reference back to something previously established in a text. eg. "The woman stood by the door." "She made notes of what she could see."

Question 33

Cataphoric reference

Answer 33

Making reference forwards to something which is as yet unidentified in a text eg. "It was warm. It was living. It was a rabbit."

Question 34

Exophoric reference

Answer 34

Making reference to things beyond the language of the text itself eg. "Look at that"

Question 35

Intertextuality

Answer 35

The use of discourses from one field as part of another.

Question 36

CDA

Answer 36

The use of linguistic analysis to explore and challenge the ideologies, positions and values of texts and producers.

Question 37

Typography

Answer 37

The features of fonts used in text eg. font type, font size, font colour.

Question 38

Orthography

Answer 38

The features of the writing system eg. spelling, capitalisation, punctuation.

Question 39

Multimodality

Answer 39

Texts that rely on the interplay of different modes eg. images, writing, sound.

Question 40

Register

Answer 40

A variety of language/level of formality that is associated with a particular field of reference eg. occupational discourse.