A-Z Flashcards
What is bias by omission?
For every news story that is selected, there are many others that are left out. Do the news stories you see show a balanced view of real life? What are the characteristics they have in common? Do some news sources include items that are ignored by others?
What type of bias is described here: What stories are on the front page or “at the top of the hour?” Which stories get the largest headlines, or the first and longest coverage on TV or radio? Consider how this placement influences people’s sense of what is important.
Bias by emphasis
What is bias by use of language?
The use of labels such as “terrorist,” “revolutionary,” or “freedom fighter” can create completely different impressions of the same person or event.
What is bias in photo?
Unflattering pictures can create bad impressions, and partial pictures of scenes can completely change the context of an event.
What form of bias is described here: An article about a cure for cancer written by a drug company is not the same as an article by an independent researcher. Often, private companies, governments, public relations firms, and political groups produce press releases to gain media exposure and to influence the public.
Bias in the source
What form of bias is described here: Some headlines can be deceptive, as their main purpose is to grab attention. Many people read only the headlines, which can create a distorted sense of what is really going on, or turn a non-event into a sensational event.
Bias by headlines
What form of bias is described here: The repetition of a particular event or idea can lead people to believe that it is true, very widespread, and much more important than it really is. .
Bias by repetition
What is bias in numbers and statistics?
Statistics need to be interpreted; they are often used to create false impressions.
What is the echochamber?
Echo chamber refers to a situation where individuals are exposed to information, opinions, and perspectives that reinforce their existing beliefs, often without being exposed to opposing viewpoints. This phenomenon can occur in various contexts, including social media, news outlets, and even in personal interactions.
In an echo chamber, the information shared within the group or network is often filtered in such a way that it aligns with the members’ pre-existing views. As a result, people may become more polarized or entrenched in their opinions because they are not challenged by differing perspectives or critical discussions. The effect can be amplified through algorithms on social media platforms, which show users content that matches their interests and views, further isolating them from diverse viewpoints.
What is the filter bubble?
A filter bubble refers to a situation in which a person is exposed to a narrow range of information or viewpoints due to personalized algorithms, primarily on digital platforms like social media or search engines. These platforms tailor the content you see based on your online behavior, such as your search history, clicks, likes, and interactions. As a result, you’re more likely to encounter information that aligns with your past interests and opinions, while being shielded from content that challenges or contradicts them.
This phenomenon can create an isolated environment where individuals are not exposed to diverse perspectives or new ideas, which can reinforce existing biases and limit their understanding of broader issues.
What is the difference between the echo chamber and the filter bubble?
An echo chamber is more about social groups and active participation in reinforcing specific views, while a filter bubble is driven by algorithms and personalized content that passively limits exposure to diverse perspectives. Both create environments where individuals are exposed to narrow viewpoints, but one is largely socially constructed, and the other is technologically curated.
What is a euphemism?
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
What is the active voice?
A feature of sentences in which the subjects performs the action of the verb and the direct object is the goal or recipient.
- You stole the cookie from the jar
What is the passive voice?
A feature of the sentences in which the object or goal of the action functions as the sentence subject and the main verb phrases includes “to be” and the past participle.
- The cookie was stolen form the jar
What concept is described here: information, ideas, or opinions deliberately spread to influence or manipulate the attitudes, beliefs, or behavior of a particular group of people, often to promote a specific cause, agenda, or ideology. It is typically one-sided and may distort facts, use emotional appeals, or exaggerate certain aspects to sway public opinion in favor of a particular group, political movement, or government.
Propaganda
What are the 4 types of propaganda?
- Activate strong emotions
- Simplify ideas
- Confirm audience needs and values
- Attack opponents
What is scapegoating?
Unfairly blaming an individual, group, or thing for problems or wrongdoings that they are not responsible for. It involves assigning blame to someone or something as a way to deflect attention from the true causes of a problem or to avoid dealing with more complex issues. The “scapegoat” is often chosen because they are vulnerable, powerless, or different in some way, making them an easy target for blame.
What is propaganda?
Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
