A View of Life

Question 1

The three basic themes of biology are

Answer 1

(A) evolution
(B) information transfer
(C) energy transfer

Question 2

The characteristics of life include:

Answer 2

(A) precise organization
(B) growth and development
(C) self-regulated metabolism
(D) ability to respond to stimuli
(E) reproduction
(F) adaptation to environmental change

Question 3

Organisms are composed of cells; organisms can be

Answer 3

Unicellular or multicellular

Question 4

The two major cell types are:

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Question 5

Organisms grow and develop; living things grow by:

Answer 5

Increasing the size of individual cells, increasing the number of cells, or both

Question 6

The term that encompasses all the changes that occur during the life of an organism:

Answer 6

Development

Question 7

Organisms regulate their metabolic processes; metabolism can be described as the sum of all the ____________ that take place in the organism

Answer 7

Chemical activities

Question 8

The tendency of organisms to maintain a balanced internal environment:

Answer 8

Homeostasis

Question 9

Physical or chemical changes in an internal or external environment that evoke a response from all life forms are called:

Answer 9

Stimuli

Question 10

Organisms reproduce; we know that organisms come from previously existing organisms as a result of scientists like Francesco Redi in the 17th century and ___________ in the 19th century:

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

In general, living things reproduce in one of two ways:

Answer 11

Asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

Question 12

Inherited characteristics that enhance an organism’s ability to survive in a particular environment are called:

Answer 12

Adaptations

Question 13

Biologists learn about living things using __________ to study their parts

Answer 13

Reductionism

Question 14

_________ also help biologists see what characteristics are new at a higher level of organization:

Answer 14

Emergent properties

Question 15

The simplest component of life is:

Answer 15

Cell

Question 16

All of the ecosystems on Earth are collectively referred to as the:

Answer 16

Biosphere

Question 17

All of the members of one species that live in the same geographic area make up a:

Answer 17

Population

Question 18

The units of hereditary material:

Answer 18

Genes

Question 19

The two scientists credited with working out the structure of DNA are

Answer 19

Francis Crick and James Watson

Question 20

Large molecules important in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues:

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

All the energy transformations no chemical processes that occur in organisms are referred to as:

Answer 21

Metabolism

Question 22

The process by which molecular energy is released to do cellular work:

Answer 22

Cellular respiration

Question 23

A self-sufficient ecosystem contains three major categories of organisms:

Answer 23

Producers, consumers, decomposes. It must also have a continuous input of energy

Question 24

Organisms that can produce their own food from simple raw materials are called:

Answer 24

Producers or autotrophs

Question 25

Populations change over time via:

Answer 25

Evolution

Question 26

The science of classifying and naming organisms is:

Answer 26

Taxonomy

Question 27

The simplest category of classification is the:

Answer 27

Species

Question 28

The scientific name (binomial) of an organisms consists of the __________ names for that organisms

Answer 28

Genus and species

Question 29

Families are grouped into:

Answer 29

Orders

Question 30

The broadest of the taxonomic groups is the:

Answer 30

Domain

Question 31

The three domains of life are:

Answer 31

Archaea, bacteria, and eukarya (includes plants, Protista, animals, and fungi)

Question 32

The _______ have been broken up into five supergroups based on molecular analysis

Answer 32

Protista

Question 33

Adaptations to environmental change occur due to:

Answer 33

Evolutionary processes

Question 34

Charles Darwin's famous book_______________ published in 1859 had and still has a profound influence on the biological sciences as well as impacting on the thinking of society in general

Answer 34

"On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection"

Question 35

Darwin's theory of natural selection was based on the observation that individuals within a species show__________ and more individuals are produced than can possibly__________ this causes__________ and individuals with the most advantageous characteristics are the most likely to_______ and pass those adaptations on to their offspring

Answer 35

(A) variation (B) survive (C) competition (D) survive

Question 36

The source of variation is________ which occur in ________

Answer 36

(A) mutations | (B) DNA

Question 37

All the genes in a population make up its

Answer 37

Gene pool

Question 38

Natural selection favors organisms with traits that enable them to effectively respond to:

Answer 38

Environmental changes (pressures)

Question 39

Knowledge of biological concepts is a vital tool for understanding the challenges that confront modern society. Some of the more important challenges are:

Answer 39

``` (A) expanding human populations (B) decreasing biological diversity (C) diminishing natural resources (D) global climate change (E) prevention and cure of diseases ```

Question 40

The ________ is a system of observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and revised hypothesis

Answer 40

Scientific method

Question 41

With ______ reasoning, one begins with supplied information or premises and draws conclusions based on those premises:

Answer 41

Deductive

Question 42

With ______ reasoning, one draws a conclusion from specific observations:

Answer 42

Inductive

Question 43

In 1928, bacteriologist ___________ discovered the antibiotic, penicillin, but could not grow the antibiotic producing organism:

Answer 43

Alexander Fleming

Question 44

Significant discoveries are usually made by those who are in the habit of looking critically at nature and recognizing a:

Answer 44

Phenomenon or problem

Question 45

The characteristics of a good hypothesis include being:

Answer 45

(A) consistent with well-established facts (B) capable of being tested (C) falsifiable

Question 46

A hypothesis cannot be:

Answer 46

Proven

Question 47

_________ are becoming very useful in hypothesis development:

Answer 47

Models

Question 48

An experimental group differs from a control group only with respect to the _________being studied:

Answer 48

Variable

Question 49

In a ____________ neither the patient nor the physician knows who is getting the experimental drug and who is getting the placebo

Answer 49

Double blind study

Question 50

Sampling errors can lead to inaccurate conclusions because:

Answer 50

Not all cases of what is being studied can be observed

Question 51

_______ are strengthened when others repeat a scientist's work:

Answer 51

Conclusions

Question 52

A _______ is an integrated explanation of a number of hypotheses, each supported by consistent results from many observations or experiments:

Answer 52

Theory

Question 53

Two examples of hypotheses that cannot be tested by direct experimentation include:

Answer 53

The Big Bang and the evolution of major groups of organisms

Question 54

A _________ is a set of assumptions or concepts that constitute a way of thinking about reality:

Answer 54

Paradigm

Question 55

Biologists that integrate data from various levels of complexity with the goal of understanding the big picture are known as:

Answer 55

Systems biologists

Question 56

Some of the more controversial areas of scientific inquiry with important ethical dimensions include:

Answer 56

(A) genetic research (B) stem cell research (C) cloning (D) human and animal experimentation