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General Biology > A View of Life > Flashcards

A View of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

The three basic themes of biology are

A

(A) evolution
(B) information transfer
(C) energy transfer

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2
Q

The characteristics of life include:

A 
(A) precise organization
(B) growth and development
(C) self-regulated metabolism
(D) ability to respond to stimuli
(E) reproduction
(F) adaptation to environmental change
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3
Q

Organisms are composed of cells; organisms can be

A

Unicellular or multicellular

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4
Q

The two major cell types are:

A

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

Organisms grow and develop; living things grow by:

A

Increasing the size of individual cells, increasing the number of cells, or both

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6
Q

The term that encompasses all the changes that occur during the life of an organism:

A

Development

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7
Q

Organisms regulate their metabolic processes; metabolism can be described as the sum of all the ____________ that take place in the organism

A

Chemical activities

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8
Q

The tendency of organisms to maintain a balanced internal environment:

A

Homeostasis

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9
Q

Physical or chemical changes in an internal or external environment that evoke a response from all life forms are called:

A

Stimuli

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10
Q

Organisms reproduce; we know that organisms come from previously existing organisms as a result of scientists like Francesco Redi in the 17th century and ___________ in the 19th century:

A

Louis Pasteur

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11
Q

In general, living things reproduce in one of two ways:

A

Asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

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12
Q

Inherited characteristics that enhance an organism’s ability to survive in a particular environment are called:

A

Adaptations

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13
Q

Biologists learn about living things using __________ to study their parts

A

Reductionism

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14
Q

_________ also help biologists see what characteristics are new at a higher level of organization:

A

Emergent properties

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15
Q

The simplest component of life is:

A

Cell

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16
Q

All of the ecosystems on Earth are collectively referred to as the:

A

Biosphere

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17
Q

All of the members of one species that live in the same geographic area make up a:

A

Population

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18
Q

The units of hereditary material:

A

Genes

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19
Q

The two scientists credited with working out the structure of DNA are

A

Francis Crick and James Watson

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20
Q

Large molecules important in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues:

A

Proteins

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21
Q

All the energy transformations no chemical processes that occur in organisms are referred to as:

A

Metabolism

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22
Q

The process by which molecular energy is released to do cellular work:

A

Cellular respiration

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23
Q

A self-sufficient ecosystem contains three major categories of organisms:

A

Producers, consumers, decomposes. It must also have a continuous input of energy

24
Q

Organisms that can produce their own food from simple raw materials are called:

A

Producers or autotrophs

25
Q

Populations change over time via:

A

Evolution

26
Q

The science of classifying and naming organisms is:

A

Taxonomy

27
Q

The simplest category of classification is the:

A

Species

28
Q

The scientific name (binomial) of an organisms consists of the __________ names for that organisms

A

Genus and species

29
Q

Families are grouped into:

A

Orders

30
Q

The broadest of the taxonomic groups is the:

A

Domain

31
Q

The three domains of life are:

A

Archaea, bacteria, and eukarya (includes plants, Protista, animals, and fungi)

32
Q

The _______ have been broken up into five supergroups based on molecular analysis

A

Protista

33
Q

Adaptations to environmental change occur due to:

A

Evolutionary processes

34
Q

Charles Darwin’s famous book_______________ published in 1859 had and still has a profound influence on the biological sciences as well as impacting on the thinking of society in general

A

“On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection”

35
Q

Darwin’s theory of natural selection was based on the observation that individuals within a species show__________ and more individuals are produced than can possibly__________ this causes__________ and individuals with the most advantageous characteristics are the most likely to_______ and pass those adaptations on to their offspring

A

(A) variation
(B) survive
(C) competition
(D) survive

36
Q

The source of variation is________ which occur in ________

A

(A) mutations

(B) DNA

37
Q

All the genes in a population make up its

A

Gene pool

38
Q

Natural selection favors organisms with traits that enable them to effectively respond to:

A

Environmental changes (pressures)

39
Q

Knowledge of biological concepts is a vital tool for understanding the challenges that confront modern society. Some of the more important challenges are:

A 
(A) expanding human populations
(B) decreasing biological diversity
(C) diminishing natural resources
(D) global climate change
(E) prevention and cure of diseases
40
Q

The ________ is a system of observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and revised hypothesis

A

Scientific method

41
Q

With ______ reasoning, one begins with supplied information or premises and draws conclusions based on those premises:

A

Deductive

42
Q

With ______ reasoning, one draws a conclusion from specific observations:

A

Inductive

43
Q

In 1928, bacteriologist ___________ discovered the antibiotic, penicillin, but could not grow the antibiotic producing organism:

A

Alexander Fleming

44
Q

Significant discoveries are usually made by those who are in the habit of looking critically at nature and recognizing a:

A

Phenomenon or problem

45
Q

The characteristics of a good hypothesis include being:

A

(A) consistent with well-established facts
(B) capable of being tested
(C) falsifiable

46
Q

A hypothesis cannot be:

A

Proven

47
Q

_________ are becoming very useful in hypothesis development:

A

Models

48
Q

An experimental group differs from a control group only with respect to the _________being studied:

A

Variable

49
Q

In a ____________ neither the patient nor the physician knows who is getting the experimental drug and who is getting the placebo

A

Double blind study

50
Q

Sampling errors can lead to inaccurate conclusions because:

A

Not all cases of what is being studied can be observed

51
Q

_______ are strengthened when others repeat a scientist’s work:

A

Conclusions

52
Q

A _______ is an integrated explanation of a number of hypotheses, each supported by consistent results from many observations or experiments:

A

Theory

53
Q

Two examples of hypotheses that cannot be tested by direct experimentation include:

A

The Big Bang and the evolution of major groups of organisms

54
Q

A _________ is a set of assumptions or concepts that constitute a way of thinking about reality:

A

Paradigm

55
Q

Biologists that integrate data from various levels of complexity with the goal of understanding the big picture are known as:

A

Systems biologists

56
Q

Some of the more controversial areas of scientific inquiry with important ethical dimensions include:

A

(A) genetic research
(B) stem cell research
(C) cloning
(D) human and animal experimentation

General Biology (1 decks)

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