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AP Language > "A" Terms Rhetorical Terms to Apply > Flashcards

"A" Terms Rhetorical Terms to Apply Flashcards

To study, memorize and use to apply to rhetorical analysis. 96 meanings and examples with which to connect.

1
Q
  • Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
  • Man proposes, God disposes.
  • Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.
  • Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
A

What is ANTITHESIS?

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2
Q
  • Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.
  • Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness.
  • You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart.
A

What is ANTITHESIS?

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3
Q

THIS emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers.

A

ANTITHESIS

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4
Q

It is a complete narrative which involves characters, and events that stand for an abstract idea or an event.

A

ALLEGORY

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5
Q

“All animals are equal but a few are more equal than others.”

A

Reference to the allegorical composition as a whole titled “Animal Farm” where a story is told using animals that represent historical figures and a setting that represents a historical period.

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6
Q

The ordinary sinner “Christian” leaves the City of Destruction and travels towards Celestial City, where God resides, for salvation. He finds “Faithful”, a companion who helps him on his way to the City.

A

“Pilgrim’s Progress”,,,Novel by John Bunyan suggests a strong “spiritual” allegory.

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7
Q

Why do writers employ the use of “allegory”?

A

Writers use allegory to add different layers of meanings to their works. Allegory makes their stories and characters multidimensional, so that they stand for something larger in meaning than what they literally stand for.

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8
Q

A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers

A

ALLUSION

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9
Q

“I do not approve of this quixotic idea,” Why is this quote an ALLUSION?

A

Quixotic means stupid and impractical derived from Cervantes’s “Don Quixote”, a story of a foolish knight and his misadventures.

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10
Q

“Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.”

A

What is an ALLUSION?

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11
Q

The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes

A

What is an ALLUSION?

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12
Q

“This place is like a Garden of Eden.”

A

What is an ALLUSION?

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13
Q

“Learnèd Faustus, to find the secrets of astronomy
Graven in the book of Jove’s high firmament,
Did mount him up to scale Olympus’ top,
Where, sitting in a chariot burning bright,
Drawn by the strength of yokèd dragons’ necks,
He views the clouds, the planets, and the stars.”

A

Jove’s high firmament refers to the outer stretches of the universe. “Olympus’ top” is an allusion to Greek Mythology where Mount Olympus is home of gods. Similarly, “a chariot burning bright” refers to a Greek Myth of “god Apollo” who is said to drive the sun in his chariot.

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14
Q

By and large, the use of THIS device enables writers or poets to simplify complex ideas and emotions. The readers comprehend the complex ideas by comparing the emotions of the writer or poet to the references given by them

A

What is an ALLUSION?

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15
Q

This term is derived from a Greek word anachronous which means “against time”. Therefore, the identification of this is an error of chronology or timeline in a literary piece. In other words, anything that is out of time and out of place is an example of this.

A

What is ANACHRONISM?

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16
Q

For example, if a painter paints a portrait of Aristotle and shows him wearing a wrist watch, it would be an example of this term.

A

What is ANACHRONISM?

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17
Q

“Brutus: Peace! Count the clock.

Cassius: The clock has stricken three.”

A

The time this play depicts is a point in history dating back to 44 AD. Mechanical clocks referred to in the above-mentioned dialogue had not been invented at that time but were present in Shakespeare’s time. Thus, the mention of a clock in this play is an anachronism.

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18
Q

Generally, “this” is considered an unintentional error that is a result of a writer’s carelessness and his lack of research. At times, however, it is employed in order to produce a special artistic effect in order to attract the attention of the readers by an appropriate use of “this”.

A

ANACHRONISM

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19
Q

This term exhibits a typical pattern of repeating a word. For example, the repetition of the word “give” in the sentence “When I give, I give myself.” is a good example as it occurs at the end of the first clause and marks the beginning of the following clause.

A

ANADIPLOSIS

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20
Q

“……… you must make every effort to support your faith with goodness, and goodness with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with endurance, and endurance with godliness, and godliness with mutual affection, and mutual affection with love”

A

Notice the use of ANADIPLOSIS in the word of the next phrase being built off the one prior…

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21
Q

“For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime,

Young Lycidas and hath not left his peer.”

A

Notice the use of the word dead being repeated as an example of ANADIPLOSIS. The lines are from Milton and writers often use this technique to establish or “layer” persuasion.

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22
Q

“He retained his virtues amidst all his – misfortunes — misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or prevent.” This is an example of?

A

ANADIPLOSIS

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23
Q

“The general who became a slave. The slave who became a gladiator. The gladiator who defied an emperor. Striking story!”

A

ANADIPLOSIS…used from a commercial to advertise the film from 2000…“The Gladiator”

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24
Q

“THIS” is a form of word play in which letters of a word or phrase are rearranged in such a way that a new word or phrase is formed.

A

What is an ANAGRAM?

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25
Q
  • Mother-in-law = Hitler woman
  • Debit card = Bad cards
  • Dormitory = Dirty Room
A

What are examples of ANAGRAM?

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26
Q
  • The earthquakes = The queer shakes
  • Astronomer = Moon starrer
  • Punishments = Nine Thumps
  • School master = The classroom
A

What are examples of ANAGRAMS?

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27
Q

“Hamlet” by William Shakespeare is of “Amleth”, a Danish prince.

A

ANAGRAM

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28
Q

“I am Lord Voldemort” for her character Tom Marvolo Riddle to reveal the two different identities of the villain.

A

J.K. Rowling uses ANAGRAMS frequently, but few of the reader catch them. Writers often do this to attract the attention of those readers who are seeking “clues” to subtle foreshadowing.

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29
Q

•Vladamir Nabokov in his novel “Lolita” presents a character “Vivian Darkbloom” to represent this literary device.

A

What is the ANAGRAM of the author’s name?

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30
Q

“O, Draconian devil!
Oh, lame saint!
So dark the con of Man”

A

Dan Brown, author of the Da Vinci Code. These were actually the clues related to “Da Vinci” and were decoded as “O, Draconian devil!” = “Leonardo Da Vinci”, “Oh, lame saint!” = “The Mona Lisa” and “So dark the con of Man” = “Madonna of the Rocks”.

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31
Q

In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as “THIS”.

A

What is ANAPHORA?

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32
Q

THIS DEVICE is possibly the oldest literary device, has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases.

A

What is ANAPHORA?

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33
Q

“O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure.
Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed.
My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long?”

A

The repeated use of “O LORD” form this Psalm is a good example of ANAPHORA.

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34
Q

•“Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better”

A

ANAPHORA

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35
Q

“My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration.”

A

ANAPHORA

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36
Q

“This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England,
This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings [. . .]
This land of such dear souls, this dear dear land,”

A

Obviously, Shakespeare has the knack of using ANAPHORA in “Richard II”. Notice the repetition of “this” and also the notion that “this” can represent a form of consonance.

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37
Q

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.”

A

Charles Dickens also uses ANAPHORA so it isn’t just something ‘old”…

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38
Q

As a rhetorical device, ANAPHORA serves to do what???

A

it is used to appeal to the emotions of the audience in order to persuade, inspire, motivate and encourage them. But it also is used to emphasize ideas as well.

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39
Q

This type of character is a literary device used by writers for a prominent character in a play or book that has characteristics opposite to that of a conventional hero. The protagonist is generally admired for his bravery, strength, charm, ingenuity etc. while an anti-hero is typically clumsy, unsolicited, and unskilled and has both good and bad qualities

A

What is an ANTI-HERO???

40
Q

Recently the usage of this character in television and books has increased and became bolder than ever. Nowadays, there are thousands of shows, books and movies that portray such characters, who are widely admired by audiences.

A

What is the ANTI-HERO???

41
Q

This character is usually given the most prominent role after the protagonist and is represented as an amalgamation of both good and evil. Instead of having two different people to represent two extremes, an anti-hero combines both into one person and thus shows the real human nature. This is why people associate themselves with some stories better than others.

A

What is an ANTI-HERO???

42
Q

This device is derived from a Greek word which means “turning about”. It is a literary term or device that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order. “You like it; it likes you” and “Fair is foul and foul is fair” etc.

A

What is Antimetabole…an-te-ma-tah-bo-lee? Sounds similar to “hyperbole”.

43
Q

Eat to live, not live to eat.”- Socrates

A

What is Animetabole?

44
Q

•“In America, you can always find a party. In Soviet Russia, Party always finds you!”

A

Animetabole

45
Q

If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.”

A

Antimetabole

46
Q

•“Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”

A

Antimetabole

47
Q

•“He who questions training only trains himself at asking questions.”

A

Antimetabole

48
Q

•“We do what we like and we like what we do.”

A

Antimetabole

49
Q

•“If you can’t be with the one you love, love the one you’re with.”

A

Antimatabole

50
Q

This device literally meaning opposite, is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. Consider this to be a ramped and amped up version an oxymoron.

A

What is ANTITHESIS?

51
Q

Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.

A

ANTITHESIS

52
Q

Man proposes, God disposes.

A

ANTITHESIS

53
Q

Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.

A

ANTITHESIS

54
Q

Speech is silver, but silence is gold.

A

ANTITHESIS

55
Q

Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.

A

ANTITHESIS

56
Q

Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness.

A

ANTITHESIS

57
Q

You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart.

A

ANTITHESIS

58
Q

THIS is a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. The term is often applied to philosophical, moral and literary principles.

A

APHORISM

59
Q

To qualify as “THIS” it is necessary for a statement to contain a truth revealed in a terse manner. The fact that they contain a truth gives them a universal acceptance. Scores of philosophers, politicians, writers, artists and sportsman and other individuals are remembered for their famous statements that qualify as THIS.

A

APHORISM

60
Q

Youth is a blunder; Manhood a struggle; Old age regret.

A

APHORISM

61
Q

Pride hath fall. [Proverb]

A

APHORISM

62
Q

The man who removes a mountain begins by carrying away small stones. [William Faulkner]

A

APHORISM

63
Q

Life’s Tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late. [Benjamin Franklin]

A

APHORISM

64
Q

Yesterday is but today’s memory, and tomorrow is today’s dream. [Khalil Gibran]

A

APHORISM

65
Q

The simplest questions are the hardest to answer. [Northrop Frye]

A

APHORISM

66
Q

A proverb is no proverb to you till life has illustrated it. [John Keats]

A

APHORISM

67
Q

Having nothing, nothing can he lose.”(Henry VI)

A

APHORISM (Shakespeare)

68
Q

“You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view – until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”

A

APHORISM (Harper Lee)

69
Q

“If? There is no if. There is only what is. What was? What will be.”

A

APHORISM

70
Q

“To err is human, to forgive divine.”

A

APHORISM (Alexander Pope)

71
Q

The use of this device allows a writer to teach a philosophical or moral truth.

A

APHORISM

72
Q

THIS is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation “O”. A writer or a speaker, using an THIS detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.

A

APOSTROPHE

73
Q

“Is this a dagger which I see before me,
The handle toward my hand?
Come, let me clutch thee!
I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.”

A

In Macbeth, the main character imagines a dagger and speaks to the imaginary object. This is the use of APOSTROPHE.

74
Q

“Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.”

A

Jane Taylor addresses the imaginary object. Another example of APOSTROPHE.

75
Q

“Oh! Stars and clouds and winds, ye are all about to mock me; if ye really pity me, crush sensation and memory; let me become as nought; but if not, depart, depart, and leave me in darkness.”

A

And Mary Shelly from Frankenstein likewise uses APOSTROPHE often.

76
Q

“Busy old fool, unruly Sun,
Why dost thou thus,
Through windows, and through curtains, call on
us?
Must to thy motions lovers’ seasons run?
Saucy pedantic wretch,”

A

And John Donne uses the APOSTROPHE often in his poetry.

77
Q

A typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature.

A

What is the ARCHETYPE?

78
Q

Carl Jung, Swiss psychologist, argued that the root of an THIS is in the “collective unconscious” of mankind. The phrase “collective unconscious” refers to experiences shared by a race or culture. This includes love, religion, death, birth, life, struggle, survival etc. These experiences exist in the subconscious of every individual and are recreated in literary works or in other forms of art.

A

What is an ARCHETYPE?

79
Q 
The Hero Figure
The Mother Figure
The Innocent Youth
The Mentor Figure
The Scapegoat Figure
The Villain Figure
A

What is the ARCHETYPE?

80
Q

The Journey
Good versus Evil
The Initiation
The Fall

A

What are examples of ARCHETYPES???

81
Q

The use of THESE characters and situations gives a literary work a universal acceptance, as readers identify the characters and situations in their social and cultural context.

A

ARCHETYPES

82
Q

THIS is the main statement of a poem, an essay, a short story, or a novel that usually appears as an introduction or a point on which the writer will develop his work in order to convince his readers.

A

What is an ARGUMENT?

83
Q

For example, we take a subject like “Internet is a good invention”. Then, we support it with logical reasons such as “It is a source of information,” and “It is a hub of entertainment,” and so on. In the end, we conclude THIS by giving our verdict.

A

What is an ARGUMENT?

84
Q

“Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show.”

A

It becomes the main statement or argument of the novel as the whole novel depicts the adventures of the narrator “David”.

85
Q

“Of Man’s First Disobedience, and the Fruit
Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal taste
Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,”

A

Milton states the reasons why man was thrown out of Eden, what is the reason for all our “woes”, and how “one greater Man” – Christ, restored our status.

86
Q

“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.”

A

The plot of the novel revolves around this argument. We see girls and their parents hunting for rich bachelors. The eligible bachelors seem to have no other worry in their life except looking for beautiful partners. Hence, we see a game of matchmaking occupying the entire novel.

87
Q

Writers consider literature as a powerful tool in their hands to shape or reform our thinking. THESE or THIS come into play at this time. Writers carefully play with words, as well as give reasons and examples, to persuade us to their point of view. Our outlook is molded by words that also entertain us.

A

What is ARGUMENT or ARGUMENTS?

88
Q

THIS takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds.

A

What is ASSONANCE???

89
Q

We light fire on the mountain.

A

Notice the “i” in “fire” and the “i” in the word “light”. Use of ASSONANCE.

90
Q

I feel depressed and restless.

A

depressed and restless contain the ASSONANCE of the same short vowel sound.

91
Q

Go and mow the lawn.

A

“Go” and “mow” are an example of ASSONANCE.

92
Q

Johnny went here and there and everywhere.

A

:there” and “everywhere” show ASSONANCE

93
Q

The engineer held the steering to steer the vehicle.

A

“engineer”, “steering” and “steer” represent ASSONANCE

94
Q 
“He gives his harness bells a shake
 To ask if there is some mistake.
 The only other sound’s the sweep
 Of easy wind and downy flake.
 The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
 But I have promises to keep,
 And miles to go before I sleep,
 And miles to go before I sleep.”
A

Look for the ASSONANCE

95
Q
A

AP Language (2 decks)

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