a scene made of sounds

Question 1

SONIC MG

Answer 1

superior olivary nucleus > inferior colliculus > medial geniculate

Question 2

auditory space

Answer 2

a mixture of many sounds coming from different locations, exists all around

Question 3

auditory localization

Answer 3

locating of sound sources in auditory space

Question 4

location cues

Answer 4

created by the way sound interacts with the listeners head and ears

Question 5

2 types of location cues

Answer 5

binaural cues 2 ears
spectral cue 1 ear

Question 6

directions for location cues

Answer 6

azimuth - left to right
elevation - up to down
distance

Question 7

binaural cues

Answer 7

uses both ears to determine the azimuth to the sounds

Question 8

interaural level difference

Answer 8

ILD

the difference in the sound pressure level of the sound reaching the 2 ears

Question 9

what creates the difference between the 2 ears?

Answer 9

the head is a barrier and creates this acoustic shadow that reduces the intensity of the sound at the far ear

Question 10

lateral superior olives theory

Answer 10

contain neurons sensitive to ILDs

Question 11

interaural time difference ITD

Answer 11

the time difference between a sound reaches the left ear when it reaches the right ear

dominant use of measuring for hearing

Question 12

jeffress model

Answer 12

neurons are wired so they each receive signals from two ears, they fire when the two signals from the left and right meet . coincidence detectors

low evidence for the model

Question 13

coincidence detectors

Answer 13

(neurons) because of how they only fire when they meet

ITD detectors

Question 14

ITD turning curves

Answer 14

plot the neuron’s firing rate against the ITD

Question 15

cone of confusion

Answer 15

a region of positions in space where the ILDs and the ITDs are the same

Question 16

spectral cues

Answer 16

cues in which information for sound localization is contained in the spectrum of frequencies that reach each ear from different locations

Question 17

the pinnae causes these differences because?

Answer 17

the folds in the ears, sound bounces and reflects off them

Question 18

ITD, ILD, DTF provide direct information but not ___ information?

Answer 18

distance

Question 19

A1

Answer 19

auditory cortex

Question 20

area A - anterior belt area

Answer 20

perceiving complex sounds and patterns of sounds

Question 21

area P - posterior belt area

Answer 21

localizing the sounds

Question 22

what pathway

Answer 22

anterior belt -> temporal lobe -> frontal cortex

Question 23

where pathway?

Answer 23

posterior belt -> parietal lobe -> frontal cortex

Question 24

direct sound

Answer 24

sound that reaches the ear directly

Question 25

indirect sound

Answer 25

a sound that reaches the ear indirectly

Question 26

precedence effect

Answer 26

perceiving the sound as coming from the near source that reaches our ears first

Question 27

auditory scene

Answer 27

array of sound at different locations in the environment

Question 28

auditory scene analysis

Answer 28

the process by which the stimuli produced by each source are separated

Question 29

simultaneous grouping

Answer 29

sounds being grouped together and tricky to separate

Question 30

the hows on sound separation

Answer 30

location
onset synchrony
timbre and pitch
harmonicity

Question 31

sequential grouping

Answer 31

grouping that occurs as sounds follow one another in time

Question 32

the hows on sound grouping

Answer 32

similarity - gestalt grouping rule
similarity of pitch
auditory continuity - gestalt principle good continuation
experience

Question 33

the ventriloquism effect

Answer 33

(visual capture) vision dominating hearing, occurs when sounds coming from one place appear to be coming from another place

Question 34

the two-flash illusions

Answer 34

when a single dot is flashed onto a screen the participant perceives one flash, when a single beep is presented at the same time as the dot → the participant still perceives the one dot HOWEVER if the single dot is displayed with 2 beeps the participant sees 2 flashes

Question 35

population coding

Answer 35

broader range of neurons firing for ITDs than compared to birds, localizing sounds