A S & M Flashcards
Opacity
measurement of light that can pass through the gas stream
TRS
Total Reduced Sulphur
GHG
Green House Gasses
NPRI
National Pollution Release Inventory
VOC
Volatile Organic Compound
THC
Total Hydrocarbons
PM
Particulate Matter
NORM
Naturally Occurring Active Material
Air Pollution
The presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminents in such quantities and/or of such duration which may be injurious to human, animal , or plant health, or property, or which reasonably interferes with the comfort and enjoyment of life or property
Clean Air
Air that is essentially odorless, tasteless, looks clear and has no measurable short or long term effects on humans animals or the environment.
Areas of Air Sampling
1.Stack Testing
2. Indoor Air Quality/Industrial Hygiene
3, Ambient (Active and Passive)
4. Fugitive emmisions
3 Types of Air Pollution
- Micro
- Local Level
- Indoor air pollution resulting products used in construction, poor ventilation and exposure to NORM’s. (Naturally Occurring Active Material) - Meso
- Industrial and mobile source contaminate the air that surrounds us. - Macro
- Transport of ambient air pollution over large distances.
Sources of Air Pollution
- Natural
- Volcanoes, cows, forest fires, swamp gasses, agriculture, etc. - Man Made
- Cars, Industry, Smoking, Agriculture, etc.
Common Air Pollutants
*CO2
*SO2
*Methane
*PM (Particulate Matter)
*H2S/TRS (Total reduced Sulphur)
*VOC’s (Volatile Organic Compound)
Ozone
SOx
Sulphur Smell, Strong Odor.
Colorless
Possibility of Contracting Sulphur poisoning up to 72 hours after exposure.
Common Sources- sour gas plants and coal fired power plants.
Oxydizes to form SO3 which form H2SO4 in the presence of H2
Results in Acind Rains
VOC’S
Volatile Organic Compound
VOC’s often written CH4 in testing
- also called THC’s (Total Hydrocarbons)
Consist of Organic Compounds with high vapor pressure
General term for solvents, fuels, & petroleum distillates
CH4
Methane
Displaces O2
Can be explosive under certain concentrations levels
The principle component of Natural Gas
CO
Colorless, Odorless, Poisonous
Incomplete combustion
Transportation accounts for 65% of CO production
CO enters blood stream and reduces O2 delivery to organs
NOx
NO, NO2, N20
Often just referred to as NO2 in sampling
Pungent irritating odor
Transforms in air to form nitric acid
NO2 plays a roll in atmospheric rxns to create ground level ozone
precursers to nitrates forming respirable particulates
All combustion produces NOx at varried levels
NO2 is a lung irritant
TRS
Total Reduced Sulphur
Offensive odor, rotten eggs
Only a health concern at high concentration
H2S causes immediate death
Includes compounds such as H2S, DMS, DMDS, & mercaptains
Ozone
Major component of somg
Rxn btwn NO2 and VOC’s from ground level Ozone
Exposure results in chest tightness and coughing
Results in agricultural crop loss every year
Types of Source Emmissions
Point - emissions forming from a single location
-eg. Stacks Flares Vents
Line- emissions running along a line in geography
-eg. Vehicles on a Highway
Area - emissions caused by a larger source, something that spans a distance
-eg. waste water ponds, fields
Volume - a larger 3 dimensional source of emissions
-eg. coal pile
Purpose of Conducting Stack Survey
Compliance with AESRD (Alberta Stack Action Code)
Relative accuracy test audits (CEMS code)
Large Scale Projects
Equipment Design
Pollution Control Device Efficiency
Process Evaluation
NPRI (National Pollution Release Inventory)
GHG Reporting (Green House Gasses)
