A revolution in Medicine

Question 1

How did England change during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

1. Population grew rapidly
2. After 1851 more people worked in industry than in agriculture
3. Trade became an easier route to wealth than owning land
4. The new towns lead to poverty, which lead to new social theories

Question 2

What was the impact of these new developments on medicine?

Answer 2

• Pasteur and Koch completely altered the way medicine was understood
• John Snow helped defeat cholera
• New industry developed manufacturing remedies

Question 3

How did Louis Pasteur improve understanding of disease?

Answer 3

• Came up with the “Germ Theory”
• Built on Jenner’s work on vaccinations and learn to grow them in the laboratory
• Invented the process of “pasteurisation”, to preserve liquids

Question 4

How did Robert Koch improve the understanding of disease?

Answer 4

• Invented a way to see bacteria so that it was easier to see under the microscope
• Developed experiments to discover which bacteria caused each disease
• Identified the bacteria that caused, Cholera and anthrax

Question 5

How did Paul Erlich contribute to the understanding of disease?

Answer 5

• Used staining techniques to study blood cells
• Worked on chemotherapy
• Developed certain drugs

Question 6

How did Florence Nightingale impact the prevention of disease?

Answer 6

• Cut mortality rates in hospitals from 40% to just 2%
• Set up Britain’s first nursing school and raised £44,000 to fund it
• Changed hospitals in the Crimean War making them clean and orderly

Question 7

What part did James Simpson play in making operations endurable?

Answer 7

• Worked on anesthetics during operations
• Discovered choloroform was effective for putting patients to sleep during operations
• Improved the way of delivering babies

Question 8

How did Joseph Lister help to beat infection?

Answer 8

• Improved people’s chances of surviving surgery
• Managed to reduce the mortality rates from 46% to 15%
• Others copied his methods

Question 9

How did Doctor Barnardo help to reduce poverty?

Answer 9

• Set up a “ragged school” where hungry children were given cheap breakfast to help them learn better
• Opened a series of homes for children
• Schemes to send boys to Canada and Australia as farm workers after being trained in England