A&PII

Question 1

An indentation near the center of the concave border of a kidney.

Answer 1

renal hilum

Question 2

3 layers of tissue that surround each kidney

Answer 2

1. renal capsule 2. adipose capsule

3. renal fascia

Question 3

A smooth, transparent sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter. Serves as a barrier against trauma and helps maintain the shape of the kidney.

Answer 3

renal capsule

Question 4

Is a mass of fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule. Protects the kidney from trauma and holds in firmly in place within the abdominal cavity.

Answer 4

adipose capsule

Question 5

A thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall.

Answer 5

renal fascia

Question 6

The kidney reveals two distinct regions:

Answer 6

renal cortex and renal medulla

Question 7

The renal medulla consists of several cone-shaped

Answer 7

renal pyramids

Question 8

A smooth textured area extending from the renal capsule to the base of the renal pyramids and into the spaces between them.

Answer 8

renal cortex

Question 9

The outer cortical zone and inner juxtamedullary zone are portions of the renal cortex that extend between renal pyramids.

Answer 9

renal columns

Question 10

Renal cortex and renal pyramids constitute the

Answer 10

parenchyma

Question 11

Functional units of the kidney

Answer 11

nephrons

Question 12

Filtrate, formed by nephrons, drains into

Answer 12

papillary ducts

Question 13

Papillary ducts drains into cuplike structures called:

Answer 13

major ( 2 or 3) and minor (8-18) calyces

Question 14

Receives urine from the papillary ducts of one renal papilla and delivers it to a major calyx.

Answer 14

minor calyx

Question 15

Once ___ enters the calyxes it becomes urine, no further absorption can occur.

Answer 15

filtrate

Question 16

From the major calyxes, urine drains into a single large cavity called:

Answer 16

renal pelvis

Question 17

The hilum expands into a cavity with in the kidney called:

Answer 17

renal sinus

Question 18

The kidneys receive resting cardiac output via right and left:

Answer 18

renal arteries

Question 19

Renal arteries divide into several ___ ____, which supply different segments of the kidney.

Answer 19

segmental arteries

Question 20

Consists of a renal pyramid , some renal column on

either side of the renal pyramid, renal cortex at the base of the renal pyramid.

Answer 20

renal lobe

Question 21

Each nephron receives one afferent arteriole, which divides into a tangled, ball shaped capillary network:

Answer 21

glomerulus

Question 22

The glomerular capillaries the reunite to form an

Answer 22

efferent arteriole

Question 23

The efferent arterioles divide to form the: ____, which surround tubular parts of the nephron in the renal cortex.

Answer 23

peritubular capillaries

Question 24

Extending from spme efferent arterioles are long loop shaped capillaries called:

Answer 24

vasa recta

Question 25

The peritubular capillaries eventually reunite to form:___, which also receive blood from the vasa recta

Answer 25

cortical radiate veins

Question 26

Each nephron consists of two parts:

Answer 26

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 27

Where is blood plasma filtered in the nephron?

Answer 27

renal corpuscle

Question 28

Where is fluid filtered in the nephron?

Answer 28

renal tuble

Question 29

Two components of a renal corpuscle:

Answer 29

glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

Question 30

Renal tubule consist of 3 parts:

Answer 30

1. proximal convoluted tubule 2. nephron loop 3. distal convoluted tubule

Question 31

The nephron loop extends into the ___ ___, makes a hairpin turn and the returns to the ___ ___.

Answer 31

renal cortex

Question 32

These renal corpuscles lie deep in the cortex, close to the medulla, and they have a long nephron loop that extends into the deepest region of the medulla.

Answer 32

juxtamedllary nephrons

Question 33

The visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule consists of modified simple squamous epithelial cells called:

Answer 33

podocytes

Question 34

What does the urinary systems consist of?

Answer 34

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, and a urethra

Question 35

What happens after kidneys filter blood plasma?

Answer 35

They return most water and solutes to the bloodstream

Question 36

What is the remaining water and solutes constitute in the kidney?

Answer 36

urine

Question 37

To produce urine,nephrons and collecting ducts perform 3 basic processes:

Answer 37

1. Glomerular filtration 2. tubular reabsorbtion

3. Tubular secretion

Question 38

Water and most solutes in blood plasma move across the wall of the glomerular capillaries, where they are filtered and move into the glomerular capsule and then into the renal tubule

Answer 38

glomerular filtration

Question 39

Water and solutes return to the blood as it flows through the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta.

Answer 39

tubular reabsorption

Question 40

the return of substances tot he bloodstream

Answer 40

reabsorption

Question 41

entry of new substances into the body

Answer 41

absorption