A&PII Flashcards
An indentation near the center of the concave border of a kidney.
renal hilum
3 layers of tissue that surround each kidney
- renal capsule 2. adipose capsule
3. renal fascia
A smooth, transparent sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter. Serves as a barrier against trauma and helps maintain the shape of the kidney.
renal capsule
Is a mass of fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule. Protects the kidney from trauma and holds in firmly in place within the abdominal cavity.
adipose capsule
A thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall.
renal fascia
The kidney reveals two distinct regions:
renal cortex and renal medulla
The renal medulla consists of several cone-shaped
renal pyramids
A smooth textured area extending from the renal capsule to the base of the renal pyramids and into the spaces between them.
renal cortex
The outer cortical zone and inner juxtamedullary zone are portions of the renal cortex that extend between renal pyramids.
renal columns
Renal cortex and renal pyramids constitute the
parenchyma
Functional units of the kidney
nephrons
Filtrate, formed by nephrons, drains into
papillary ducts
Papillary ducts drains into cuplike structures called:
major ( 2 or 3) and minor (8-18) calyces
Receives urine from the papillary ducts of one renal papilla and delivers it to a major calyx.
minor calyx
Once ___ enters the calyxes it becomes urine, no further absorption can occur.
filtrate
From the major calyxes, urine drains into a single large cavity called:
renal pelvis
The hilum expands into a cavity with in the kidney called:
renal sinus
The kidneys receive resting cardiac output via right and left:
renal arteries
Renal arteries divide into several ___ ____, which supply different segments of the kidney.
segmental arteries
Consists of a renal pyramid , some renal column on
either side of the renal pyramid, renal cortex at the base of the renal pyramid.
renal lobe
Each nephron receives one afferent arteriole, which divides into a tangled, ball shaped capillary network:
glomerulus
The glomerular capillaries the reunite to form an
efferent arteriole
The efferent arterioles divide to form the: ____, which surround tubular parts of the nephron in the renal cortex.
peritubular capillaries
Extending from spme efferent arterioles are long loop shaped capillaries called:
vasa recta
The peritubular capillaries eventually reunite to form:___, which also receive blood from the vasa recta
cortical radiate veins
Each nephron consists of two parts:
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
Where is blood plasma filtered in the nephron?
renal corpuscle
Where is fluid filtered in the nephron?
renal tuble
Two components of a renal corpuscle:
glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
Renal tubule consist of 3 parts:
- proximal convoluted tubule 2. nephron loop 3. distal convoluted tubule
The nephron loop extends into the ___ ___, makes a hairpin turn and the returns to the ___ ___.
renal cortex
These renal corpuscles lie deep in the cortex, close to the medulla, and they have a long nephron loop that extends into the deepest region of the medulla.
juxtamedllary nephrons
The visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule consists of modified simple squamous epithelial cells called:
podocytes
What does the urinary systems consist of?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, and a urethra
What happens after kidneys filter blood plasma?
They return most water and solutes to the bloodstream
What is the remaining water and solutes constitute in the kidney?
urine
To produce urine,nephrons and collecting ducts perform 3 basic processes:
- Glomerular filtration 2. tubular reabsorbtion
3. Tubular secretion
Water and most solutes in blood plasma move across the wall of the glomerular capillaries, where they are filtered and move into the glomerular capsule and then into the renal tubule
glomerular filtration
Water and solutes return to the blood as it flows through the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta.
tubular reabsorption
the return of substances tot he bloodstream
reabsorption
entry of new substances into the body
absorption
